Incidence, Risk Factors, and Modified Risk Assessment Model of Venous Thromboembolism in Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients
ABSTRACT Background Venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) are the second‐leading cause of death in cancer patients, with an incidence of 5%–17% in lymphoma patients, particularly higher in those with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Existing risk assessment models (RAMs) like the Khorana and ThroLy scores...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Cancer Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70510 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832593706136371200 |
|---|---|
| author | Wen Li Rui Liu Ying Shen GongZhizi Gao Rui Yang Yiwen Wang Ruoyu Yang Zujie Lin Ruijun Dong Wanhong Zhao Aili He Ju Bai |
| author_facet | Wen Li Rui Liu Ying Shen GongZhizi Gao Rui Yang Yiwen Wang Ruoyu Yang Zujie Lin Ruijun Dong Wanhong Zhao Aili He Ju Bai |
| author_sort | Wen Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Background Venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) are the second‐leading cause of death in cancer patients, with an incidence of 5%–17% in lymphoma patients, particularly higher in those with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Existing risk assessment models (RAMs) like the Khorana and ThroLy scores have limitations and are inadequately validated for NHL patients. Coagulation markers such as D‐dimer, thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), and thrombomodulin (TM) show a potential predictive value for cancer‐associated VTE but lack extensive research in NHL. Objectives This study aimed to analyze characteristics and predictive risk factors for VTE in newly diagnosed NHL patients and to evaluate and improve the clinical applicability of the Khorana and ThroLy scores. Methods Data were collected from newly diagnosed NHL patients to analyze characteristics and potential predictive risk factors for VTE. The clinical applicability of the Khorana and ThroLy scores was evaluated, and the ThroLy score was improved by adjusting the hemoglobin cutoff and combining it with D‐dimer testing. Sequential testing with TM and TAT levels was also performed. Results VTE developed in 7.09% of NHL patients. Independent risk factors for VTE included clinical Stage III/IV, mediastinal involvement, history of VTE, D‐dimer≥ 1345 μg/dL, and platelet (PLT)≥ 298 × 109, and Hb≥ 110 g/L was an independent protective factor for VTE. The ThroLy score was improved by adjusting the hemoglobin cutoff and combining it with D‐dimer testing. Sequential testing of TM and TAT achieved a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.7%. Conclusions VTE is a significant complication in NHL patients. The study highlighted independent risk factors and proposed a modified risk assessment model that effectively predicted VTE risk, potentially optimizing prevention and reducing healthcare costs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-df3d7d8fd5fd49bba23921c0f5aa001b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-7634 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancer Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-df3d7d8fd5fd49bba23921c0f5aa001b2025-01-20T10:51:32ZengWileyCancer Medicine2045-76342024-12-011324n/an/a10.1002/cam4.70510Incidence, Risk Factors, and Modified Risk Assessment Model of Venous Thromboembolism in Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma PatientsWen Li0Rui Liu1Ying Shen2GongZhizi Gao3Rui Yang4Yiwen Wang5Ruoyu Yang6Zujie Lin7Ruijun Dong8Wanhong Zhao9Aili He10Ju Bai11Department of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaDepartment of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaDepartment of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaDepartment of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaDepartment of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaDepartment of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaDepartment of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaDepartment of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaDepartment of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaDepartment of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaDepartment of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaDepartment of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi ChinaABSTRACT Background Venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) are the second‐leading cause of death in cancer patients, with an incidence of 5%–17% in lymphoma patients, particularly higher in those with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Existing risk assessment models (RAMs) like the Khorana and ThroLy scores have limitations and are inadequately validated for NHL patients. Coagulation markers such as D‐dimer, thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), and thrombomodulin (TM) show a potential predictive value for cancer‐associated VTE but lack extensive research in NHL. Objectives This study aimed to analyze characteristics and predictive risk factors for VTE in newly diagnosed NHL patients and to evaluate and improve the clinical applicability of the Khorana and ThroLy scores. Methods Data were collected from newly diagnosed NHL patients to analyze characteristics and potential predictive risk factors for VTE. The clinical applicability of the Khorana and ThroLy scores was evaluated, and the ThroLy score was improved by adjusting the hemoglobin cutoff and combining it with D‐dimer testing. Sequential testing with TM and TAT levels was also performed. Results VTE developed in 7.09% of NHL patients. Independent risk factors for VTE included clinical Stage III/IV, mediastinal involvement, history of VTE, D‐dimer≥ 1345 μg/dL, and platelet (PLT)≥ 298 × 109, and Hb≥ 110 g/L was an independent protective factor for VTE. The ThroLy score was improved by adjusting the hemoglobin cutoff and combining it with D‐dimer testing. Sequential testing of TM and TAT achieved a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.7%. Conclusions VTE is a significant complication in NHL patients. The study highlighted independent risk factors and proposed a modified risk assessment model that effectively predicted VTE risk, potentially optimizing prevention and reducing healthcare costs.https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70510non‐Hodgkin lymphomarisk assessment modelThroLy scorethrombin–antithrombin complexthrombomodulinvenous thromboembolic event |
| spellingShingle | Wen Li Rui Liu Ying Shen GongZhizi Gao Rui Yang Yiwen Wang Ruoyu Yang Zujie Lin Ruijun Dong Wanhong Zhao Aili He Ju Bai Incidence, Risk Factors, and Modified Risk Assessment Model of Venous Thromboembolism in Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Cancer Medicine non‐Hodgkin lymphoma risk assessment model ThroLy score thrombin–antithrombin complex thrombomodulin venous thromboembolic event |
| title | Incidence, Risk Factors, and Modified Risk Assessment Model of Venous Thromboembolism in Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients |
| title_full | Incidence, Risk Factors, and Modified Risk Assessment Model of Venous Thromboembolism in Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients |
| title_fullStr | Incidence, Risk Factors, and Modified Risk Assessment Model of Venous Thromboembolism in Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incidence, Risk Factors, and Modified Risk Assessment Model of Venous Thromboembolism in Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients |
| title_short | Incidence, Risk Factors, and Modified Risk Assessment Model of Venous Thromboembolism in Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients |
| title_sort | incidence risk factors and modified risk assessment model of venous thromboembolism in non hodgkin lymphoma patients |
| topic | non‐Hodgkin lymphoma risk assessment model ThroLy score thrombin–antithrombin complex thrombomodulin venous thromboembolic event |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70510 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wenli incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients AT ruiliu incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients AT yingshen incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients AT gongzhizigao incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients AT ruiyang incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients AT yiwenwang incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients AT ruoyuyang incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients AT zujielin incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients AT ruijundong incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients AT wanhongzhao incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients AT ailihe incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients AT jubai incidenceriskfactorsandmodifiedriskassessmentmodelofvenousthromboembolisminnonhodgkinlymphomapatients |