Seasonal variation of underwater sound propagation in the Beibu Gulf
Variations in the underwater sound speed significantly influence sound propagation in the ocean, thereby impacting both underwater navigation systems and a substantial portion of marine organisms reliant on sound. This study utilizes cruise data from the Beibu Gulf during the summer and winter of 20...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1489202/full |
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| author | Feihong Zeng Feihong Zeng Lingling Xie Lingling Xie Lingling Xie Mingming Li Mingming Li Mingming Li Qiang Li Qiang Li Qiang Li Simeng Liu Simeng Liu |
| author_facet | Feihong Zeng Feihong Zeng Lingling Xie Lingling Xie Lingling Xie Mingming Li Mingming Li Mingming Li Qiang Li Qiang Li Qiang Li Simeng Liu Simeng Liu |
| author_sort | Feihong Zeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Variations in the underwater sound speed significantly influence sound propagation in the ocean, thereby impacting both underwater navigation systems and a substantial portion of marine organisms reliant on sound. This study utilizes cruise data from the Beibu Gulf during the summer and winter of 2023–2024 to explore the seasonal variations in temperature and salinity affecting the sound speed distribution and characteristics of sound propagation. Results indicate significant differences in the sound speed on either side of the 30-m isobath in the Beibu Gulf, with pronounced changes corresponding to seasonal temperature and salinity variations. In summer, the sound speed in the Beibu Gulf exhibits a north-high–south-low pattern. In areas shallower than 30 m, the sonocline is predominantly positive or absent, whereas, in deeper areas, it is mainly negative. During winter, there is a south-high–north-low pattern in sound speed across the Beibu Gulf, with pronounced sound speed extremes in areas shallower than 30 m. Sound propagation simulations based on the Beibu Gulf sound-speed field reveal that sounds at the 100-Hz frequency propagate significantly farther and cover larger areas in depths less than 30 m compared to deeper areas. In summer, this phenomenon is more pronounced than in winter due to the presence of positive sonoclines. The results have significant implications for target detection, underwater acoustic communication, and the protection of aquatic animals that rely on underwater sound for survival in the Beibu Gulf. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-df2ada26278e4e4d9611a331052edd46 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-df2ada26278e4e4d9611a331052edd462025-01-23T05:10:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-01-011210.3389/fmars.2025.14892021489202Seasonal variation of underwater sound propagation in the Beibu GulfFeihong Zeng0Feihong Zeng1Lingling Xie2Lingling Xie3Lingling Xie4Mingming Li5Mingming Li6Mingming Li7Qiang Li8Qiang Li9Qiang Li10Simeng Liu11Simeng Liu12Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Oceanology and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Climate, Resource and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Ocean, Zhanjiang, ChinaLaboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Oceanology and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Climate, Resource and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Ocean, Zhanjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Spatial Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Zhanjiang, ChinaLaboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Oceanology and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Climate, Resource and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Ocean, Zhanjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Spatial Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Zhanjiang, ChinaLaboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Oceanology and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Climate, Resource and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Ocean, Zhanjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Spatial Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Zhanjiang, ChinaLaboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Oceanology and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Climate, Resource and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Ocean, Zhanjiang, ChinaVariations in the underwater sound speed significantly influence sound propagation in the ocean, thereby impacting both underwater navigation systems and a substantial portion of marine organisms reliant on sound. This study utilizes cruise data from the Beibu Gulf during the summer and winter of 2023–2024 to explore the seasonal variations in temperature and salinity affecting the sound speed distribution and characteristics of sound propagation. Results indicate significant differences in the sound speed on either side of the 30-m isobath in the Beibu Gulf, with pronounced changes corresponding to seasonal temperature and salinity variations. In summer, the sound speed in the Beibu Gulf exhibits a north-high–south-low pattern. In areas shallower than 30 m, the sonocline is predominantly positive or absent, whereas, in deeper areas, it is mainly negative. During winter, there is a south-high–north-low pattern in sound speed across the Beibu Gulf, with pronounced sound speed extremes in areas shallower than 30 m. Sound propagation simulations based on the Beibu Gulf sound-speed field reveal that sounds at the 100-Hz frequency propagate significantly farther and cover larger areas in depths less than 30 m compared to deeper areas. In summer, this phenomenon is more pronounced than in winter due to the presence of positive sonoclines. The results have significant implications for target detection, underwater acoustic communication, and the protection of aquatic animals that rely on underwater sound for survival in the Beibu Gulf.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1489202/fullseasonal variationsound speedunderwater sound propagationthe Beibu Gulfthermohaline |
| spellingShingle | Feihong Zeng Feihong Zeng Lingling Xie Lingling Xie Lingling Xie Mingming Li Mingming Li Mingming Li Qiang Li Qiang Li Qiang Li Simeng Liu Simeng Liu Seasonal variation of underwater sound propagation in the Beibu Gulf Frontiers in Marine Science seasonal variation sound speed underwater sound propagation the Beibu Gulf thermohaline |
| title | Seasonal variation of underwater sound propagation in the Beibu Gulf |
| title_full | Seasonal variation of underwater sound propagation in the Beibu Gulf |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal variation of underwater sound propagation in the Beibu Gulf |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal variation of underwater sound propagation in the Beibu Gulf |
| title_short | Seasonal variation of underwater sound propagation in the Beibu Gulf |
| title_sort | seasonal variation of underwater sound propagation in the beibu gulf |
| topic | seasonal variation sound speed underwater sound propagation the Beibu Gulf thermohaline |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1489202/full |
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