Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Anogenital inflammation is a critical risk factor for HIV acquisition. The primary preventative HIV intervention, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is ineffective in blocking transmission in anogenital inflammation. Pre-existing sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) and anogenital microbiota dysbiosis...
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| Format: | Article |
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/105 |
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| author | Freja A. Warner van Dijk Kirstie M. Bertram Thomas R. O’Neil Yuchen Li Daniel J. Buffa Andrew N. Harman Anthony L. Cunningham Najla Nasr |
| author_facet | Freja A. Warner van Dijk Kirstie M. Bertram Thomas R. O’Neil Yuchen Li Daniel J. Buffa Andrew N. Harman Anthony L. Cunningham Najla Nasr |
| author_sort | Freja A. Warner van Dijk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anogenital inflammation is a critical risk factor for HIV acquisition. The primary preventative HIV intervention, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is ineffective in blocking transmission in anogenital inflammation. Pre-existing sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) and anogenital microbiota dysbiosis are the leading causes of inflammation, where inflammation is extensive and often asymptomatic and undiagnosed. Dendritic cells (DCs), as potent antigen-presenting cells, are among the first to capture HIV upon its entry into the mucosa, and they subsequently transport the virus to CD4 T cells, the primary HIV target cells. This increased HIV susceptibility in inflamed tissue likely stems from a disrupted epithelial barrier integrity, phenotypic changes in resident DCs and an influx of inflammatory HIV target cells, including DCs and CD4 T cells. Gaining insight into how HIV interacts with specific inflammatory DC subsets could inform the development of new therapeutic strategies to block HIV transmission. However, little is known about the early stages of HIV capture and transmission in inflammatory environments. Here, we review the currently characterised inflammatory-tissue DCs and their interactions with HIV. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-df2885473eaf4259b8ef22e2855f71ce |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-df2885473eaf4259b8ef22e2855f71ce2025-01-24T13:52:36ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-01-0117110510.3390/v17010105Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionFreja A. Warner van Dijk0Kirstie M. Bertram1Thomas R. O’Neil2Yuchen Li3Daniel J. Buffa4Andrew N. Harman5Anthony L. Cunningham6Najla Nasr7Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, AustraliaCentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, AustraliaCentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, AustraliaCentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, AustraliaCentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, AustraliaCentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, AustraliaCentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, AustraliaCentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, AustraliaAnogenital inflammation is a critical risk factor for HIV acquisition. The primary preventative HIV intervention, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is ineffective in blocking transmission in anogenital inflammation. Pre-existing sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) and anogenital microbiota dysbiosis are the leading causes of inflammation, where inflammation is extensive and often asymptomatic and undiagnosed. Dendritic cells (DCs), as potent antigen-presenting cells, are among the first to capture HIV upon its entry into the mucosa, and they subsequently transport the virus to CD4 T cells, the primary HIV target cells. This increased HIV susceptibility in inflamed tissue likely stems from a disrupted epithelial barrier integrity, phenotypic changes in resident DCs and an influx of inflammatory HIV target cells, including DCs and CD4 T cells. Gaining insight into how HIV interacts with specific inflammatory DC subsets could inform the development of new therapeutic strategies to block HIV transmission. However, little is known about the early stages of HIV capture and transmission in inflammatory environments. Here, we review the currently characterised inflammatory-tissue DCs and their interactions with HIV.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/105plasmacytoid DC (pDC)Axl<sup>+</sup> Siglec-6<sup>+</sup> DC (ASDC)DC3monocyte-derived dendritic cellsepidermal CD11c<sup>+</sup> dendritic cellsinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Freja A. Warner van Dijk Kirstie M. Bertram Thomas R. O’Neil Yuchen Li Daniel J. Buffa Andrew N. Harman Anthony L. Cunningham Najla Nasr Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Viruses plasmacytoid DC (pDC) Axl<sup>+</sup> Siglec-6<sup>+</sup> DC (ASDC) DC3 monocyte-derived dendritic cells epidermal CD11c<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells inflammation |
| title | Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection |
| title_full | Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection |
| title_short | Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection |
| title_sort | recent advances in our understanding of human inflammatory dendritic cells in human immunodeficiency virus infection |
| topic | plasmacytoid DC (pDC) Axl<sup>+</sup> Siglec-6<sup>+</sup> DC (ASDC) DC3 monocyte-derived dendritic cells epidermal CD11c<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/105 |
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