Comprehensive Design, Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Forming Type IV Wind Turbine Generators Using State-Space Methods
Grid-forming (GFM) control has emerged as a promising solution to the challenges posed by the increasing reliance on inverter-based resources (IBRs). However, unlike in a battery-based IBR, the implementation of GFM in wind turbine generators (WTGs) introduces challenges due to multiple machine-side...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11010863/ |
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| author | Harith E. Udawatte Mohammad H. Ravanji Behrooz Bahrani |
| author_facet | Harith E. Udawatte Mohammad H. Ravanji Behrooz Bahrani |
| author_sort | Harith E. Udawatte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Grid-forming (GFM) control has emerged as a promising solution to the challenges posed by the increasing reliance on inverter-based resources (IBRs). However, unlike in a battery-based IBR, the implementation of GFM in wind turbine generators (WTGs) introduces challenges due to multiple machine-side converter (MSC) and grid-side converter (GSC) interactions. In this work, a GFM-WTG control structure is adopted in which the MSC primarily regulates the DC-link voltage, while the GSC emulates grid-forming behavior using virtual synchronous generator principles. Accordingly, this paper presents a practical control implementation scheme and a systematic small-signal modeling framework for GFM WTGs using the component connection method, enabling a unified state-space representation that captures key electromechanical, aerodynamic and control interactions inside the GFM-WTG system. The proposed model is validated through electromagnetic transient simulations, and eigenvalue and participation factor analyses reveal strong MSC-GSC inter-dependencies. Sensitivity analysis further confirms model accuracy across varying operating conditions. Additionally, a reduced-order model is derived to balance computational efficiency with dynamic fidelity. The findings provide a robust foundation for stability analysis and control tuning of GFM WTGs, supporting their reliable integration into future power grids. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-deea1ea6d5b84cfca236a6fe345d3a3e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-deea1ea6d5b84cfca236a6fe345d3a3e2025-08-20T03:21:33ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113910899111210.1109/ACCESS.2025.357288511010863Comprehensive Design, Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Forming Type IV Wind Turbine Generators Using State-Space MethodsHarith E. Udawatte0https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2063-9045Mohammad H. Ravanji1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-0533Behrooz Bahrani2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9482-2990Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, IranDepartment of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaGrid-forming (GFM) control has emerged as a promising solution to the challenges posed by the increasing reliance on inverter-based resources (IBRs). However, unlike in a battery-based IBR, the implementation of GFM in wind turbine generators (WTGs) introduces challenges due to multiple machine-side converter (MSC) and grid-side converter (GSC) interactions. In this work, a GFM-WTG control structure is adopted in which the MSC primarily regulates the DC-link voltage, while the GSC emulates grid-forming behavior using virtual synchronous generator principles. Accordingly, this paper presents a practical control implementation scheme and a systematic small-signal modeling framework for GFM WTGs using the component connection method, enabling a unified state-space representation that captures key electromechanical, aerodynamic and control interactions inside the GFM-WTG system. The proposed model is validated through electromagnetic transient simulations, and eigenvalue and participation factor analyses reveal strong MSC-GSC inter-dependencies. Sensitivity analysis further confirms model accuracy across varying operating conditions. Additionally, a reduced-order model is derived to balance computational efficiency with dynamic fidelity. The findings provide a robust foundation for stability analysis and control tuning of GFM WTGs, supporting their reliable integration into future power grids.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11010863/Grid formingsmall-signal stabilitystate-space modelingvirtual synchronous generatorwind energy |
| spellingShingle | Harith E. Udawatte Mohammad H. Ravanji Behrooz Bahrani Comprehensive Design, Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Forming Type IV Wind Turbine Generators Using State-Space Methods IEEE Access Grid forming small-signal stability state-space modeling virtual synchronous generator wind energy |
| title | Comprehensive Design, Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Forming Type IV Wind Turbine Generators Using State-Space Methods |
| title_full | Comprehensive Design, Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Forming Type IV Wind Turbine Generators Using State-Space Methods |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Design, Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Forming Type IV Wind Turbine Generators Using State-Space Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Design, Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Forming Type IV Wind Turbine Generators Using State-Space Methods |
| title_short | Comprehensive Design, Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Forming Type IV Wind Turbine Generators Using State-Space Methods |
| title_sort | comprehensive design modeling and analysis of grid forming type iv wind turbine generators using state space methods |
| topic | Grid forming small-signal stability state-space modeling virtual synchronous generator wind energy |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11010863/ |
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