Revealing Land-Use Dynamics on Thermal Environment of Riverine Cities Under Climate Variability Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Techniques
Urbanized riverine cities in southern Asian developing countries face significant challenges in understanding the spatiotemporal thermal impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) changes driven by rapid urbanization and climatic variability. While previous studies have investigated factors influencing l...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Nazia Iftakhar Fakhrul Islam Mohammad Izhar Hussain Muhammad Nasar Ahmad Jinwook Lee Nazir Ur Rehman Saleh Qaysi Nassir Alarifi Youssef M. Youssef |
| author_facet | Nazia Iftakhar Fakhrul Islam Mohammad Izhar Hussain Muhammad Nasar Ahmad Jinwook Lee Nazir Ur Rehman Saleh Qaysi Nassir Alarifi Youssef M. Youssef |
| author_sort | Nazia Iftakhar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Urbanized riverine cities in southern Asian developing countries face significant challenges in understanding the spatiotemporal thermal impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) changes driven by rapid urbanization and climatic variability. While previous studies have investigated factors influencing land surface temperature (LST) variations, gaps persist in integrating Landsat imagery (7 and 8), meteorological data, and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools to evaluate the thermal effects of specific LULC types, including cooling and warming transitions, and their influence on air temperature under variable precipitation patterns. This study investigates LST variations in Islamabad, Pakistan, from 2000 to 2020 using quantile classification at three intervals (2000, 2010, 2020). The thermal contributions of each LULC type across the LST-based temperature classes were analyzed using the Land Contribution Index (LCI). Finally, Warming and Cooling Transition (WCT) maps were generated by intersecting LST classes with 2000 as the baseline. Results indicated a rise in LST from 32.39 °C in 2000 to 45.63 °C in 2020. The negative LCI values revealed that vegetation and water bodies in lower temperature zones (Ltc_1 to Ltc_3) contributed to cooling effects, while positive LCI values in built-up and bare land areas in higher temperature zones (Ltc_5–Ltc_7) exhibited warming effects. The WCT map showed a general warming trend (cold-to-hot type) from 2000 to 2020, particularly in newly urbanized areas due to a 49.63% population increase, while cooling effects (hot-to-cold type) emerged in the newly developed agricultural lands with a 46.46% rise in vegetation. The mean annual air temperature gap with LST narrowed from 11.55 °C in 2000 to 2.28 °C in 2020, reflecting increased precipitation due to increasing yearly rainfall from 982.88 mm in 2000 to 1365.47 mm in 2020. This change also coincided with an expansion of water bodies from 2.82 km<sup>2</sup> in 2000 to 6.35 km<sup>2</sup> in 2020, impacting the local climate and hydrology. These findings highlight the importance of green spaces and water management to mitigate urban heat and improve ecological health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-deb4583751bd425992c107304d5fc18b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2220-9964 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| spelling | doaj-art-deb4583751bd425992c107304d5fc18b2025-01-24T13:34:58ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642024-12-011411310.3390/ijgi14010013Revealing Land-Use Dynamics on Thermal Environment of Riverine Cities Under Climate Variability Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial TechniquesNazia Iftakhar0Fakhrul Islam1Mohammad Izhar Hussain2Muhammad Nasar Ahmad3Jinwook Lee4Nazir Ur Rehman5Saleh Qaysi6Nassir Alarifi7Youssef M. Youssef8Nutritional Sciences and Environmental Design, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamaba P.O. Box 44000, PakistanUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, ChinaDepartment of Meteorology, COMSATS University, Islamabad P.O. Box 45550, PakistanAnhui Agricultural University, Anhui, Hefei 230036, ChinaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USADepartment of Geology, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak P.O. Box 27200, PakistanDepartment of Geology & Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Geology & Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaGeological and Geophysical Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43518, EgyptUrbanized riverine cities in southern Asian developing countries face significant challenges in understanding the spatiotemporal thermal impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) changes driven by rapid urbanization and climatic variability. While previous studies have investigated factors influencing land surface temperature (LST) variations, gaps persist in integrating Landsat imagery (7 and 8), meteorological data, and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools to evaluate the thermal effects of specific LULC types, including cooling and warming transitions, and their influence on air temperature under variable precipitation patterns. This study investigates LST variations in Islamabad, Pakistan, from 2000 to 2020 using quantile classification at three intervals (2000, 2010, 2020). The thermal contributions of each LULC type across the LST-based temperature classes were analyzed using the Land Contribution Index (LCI). Finally, Warming and Cooling Transition (WCT) maps were generated by intersecting LST classes with 2000 as the baseline. Results indicated a rise in LST from 32.39 °C in 2000 to 45.63 °C in 2020. The negative LCI values revealed that vegetation and water bodies in lower temperature zones (Ltc_1 to Ltc_3) contributed to cooling effects, while positive LCI values in built-up and bare land areas in higher temperature zones (Ltc_5–Ltc_7) exhibited warming effects. The WCT map showed a general warming trend (cold-to-hot type) from 2000 to 2020, particularly in newly urbanized areas due to a 49.63% population increase, while cooling effects (hot-to-cold type) emerged in the newly developed agricultural lands with a 46.46% rise in vegetation. The mean annual air temperature gap with LST narrowed from 11.55 °C in 2000 to 2.28 °C in 2020, reflecting increased precipitation due to increasing yearly rainfall from 982.88 mm in 2000 to 1365.47 mm in 2020. This change also coincided with an expansion of water bodies from 2.82 km<sup>2</sup> in 2000 to 6.35 km<sup>2</sup> in 2020, impacting the local climate and hydrology. These findings highlight the importance of green spaces and water management to mitigate urban heat and improve ecological health.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/1/13land use land coverland surface temperaturecooling and warming effectsLandsatair temperaturesprecipitation |
| spellingShingle | Nazia Iftakhar Fakhrul Islam Mohammad Izhar Hussain Muhammad Nasar Ahmad Jinwook Lee Nazir Ur Rehman Saleh Qaysi Nassir Alarifi Youssef M. Youssef Revealing Land-Use Dynamics on Thermal Environment of Riverine Cities Under Climate Variability Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Techniques ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information land use land cover land surface temperature cooling and warming effects Landsat air temperatures precipitation |
| title | Revealing Land-Use Dynamics on Thermal Environment of Riverine Cities Under Climate Variability Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Techniques |
| title_full | Revealing Land-Use Dynamics on Thermal Environment of Riverine Cities Under Climate Variability Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Revealing Land-Use Dynamics on Thermal Environment of Riverine Cities Under Climate Variability Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revealing Land-Use Dynamics on Thermal Environment of Riverine Cities Under Climate Variability Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Techniques |
| title_short | Revealing Land-Use Dynamics on Thermal Environment of Riverine Cities Under Climate Variability Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Techniques |
| title_sort | revealing land use dynamics on thermal environment of riverine cities under climate variability using remote sensing and geospatial techniques |
| topic | land use land cover land surface temperature cooling and warming effects Landsat air temperatures precipitation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/1/13 |
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