Understanding Air Quality Changes after Implementation of Mitigation Measures during a Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Literature in the United States

Abstract Traffic-related emissions continue to be a significant source of air pollution in the United States (US) and around the globe. Evidence has shown that previous policies implemented to restrict-traffic flows have affected air pollution levels. Thus, mitigation strategies associated with the...

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Main Authors: Sara McElroy, Ambarish Vaidyanathan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2022-09-01
Series:Aerosol and Air Quality Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220047
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author Sara McElroy
Ambarish Vaidyanathan
author_facet Sara McElroy
Ambarish Vaidyanathan
author_sort Sara McElroy
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Traffic-related emissions continue to be a significant source of air pollution in the United States (US) and around the globe. Evidence has shown that previous policies implemented to restrict-traffic flows have affected air pollution levels. Thus, mitigation strategies associated with the COVID-19 pandemic that modified population-level mobility patterns provide a unique opportunity to study air pollution change across the US. For instance, to slow the spread of the pandemic, state and local governments started implementing various mitigation actions, including stay-at-home directives, social distancing measures, school closures, and travel restrictions. This scoping review aimed to summarize the existing evidence about how air quality changed through mitigation practices throughout the pandemic in the US. We found 66 articles that fit our inclusion criteria. Generally, the consolidated results revealed that nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased across the country. Studies observed mixed directions and magnitudes of change for fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Few articles tried to explain this notable heterogeneity in air quality changes by associating contextual factors, such as mobility, traffic flow, and demographic factors. However, all studies agreed that the change in air pollution was nonuniform across the US and even varied within a city.
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spelling doaj-art-de6f892edf0e4aa19d33ce0aec0756b62025-08-20T03:10:47ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092022-09-01221111910.4209/aaqr.220047Understanding Air Quality Changes after Implementation of Mitigation Measures during a Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Literature in the United StatesSara McElroy0Ambarish Vaidyanathan1Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN USA and Climate and Health Program, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionClimate and Health Program, DEHSP, NCEH, CDC, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAbstract Traffic-related emissions continue to be a significant source of air pollution in the United States (US) and around the globe. Evidence has shown that previous policies implemented to restrict-traffic flows have affected air pollution levels. Thus, mitigation strategies associated with the COVID-19 pandemic that modified population-level mobility patterns provide a unique opportunity to study air pollution change across the US. For instance, to slow the spread of the pandemic, state and local governments started implementing various mitigation actions, including stay-at-home directives, social distancing measures, school closures, and travel restrictions. This scoping review aimed to summarize the existing evidence about how air quality changed through mitigation practices throughout the pandemic in the US. We found 66 articles that fit our inclusion criteria. Generally, the consolidated results revealed that nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased across the country. Studies observed mixed directions and magnitudes of change for fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Few articles tried to explain this notable heterogeneity in air quality changes by associating contextual factors, such as mobility, traffic flow, and demographic factors. However, all studies agreed that the change in air pollution was nonuniform across the US and even varied within a city.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220047COVID-19Air pollutionMitigation measuresMobilityPublic health interventions
spellingShingle Sara McElroy
Ambarish Vaidyanathan
Understanding Air Quality Changes after Implementation of Mitigation Measures during a Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Literature in the United States
Aerosol and Air Quality Research
COVID-19
Air pollution
Mitigation measures
Mobility
Public health interventions
title Understanding Air Quality Changes after Implementation of Mitigation Measures during a Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Literature in the United States
title_full Understanding Air Quality Changes after Implementation of Mitigation Measures during a Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Literature in the United States
title_fullStr Understanding Air Quality Changes after Implementation of Mitigation Measures during a Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Literature in the United States
title_full_unstemmed Understanding Air Quality Changes after Implementation of Mitigation Measures during a Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Literature in the United States
title_short Understanding Air Quality Changes after Implementation of Mitigation Measures during a Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Literature in the United States
title_sort understanding air quality changes after implementation of mitigation measures during a pandemic a scoping review of literature in the united states
topic COVID-19
Air pollution
Mitigation measures
Mobility
Public health interventions
url https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220047
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