Activity of Antiseptics Against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Its Adaptation Potential
Background/Objectives: <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> rapidly acquires antibiotic resistance and demonstrates increasing tolerance to antiseptics. This study evaluated the activity of eight antiseptics against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, assessed its ability to develop adaptation to...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/30 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832589362693406720 |
|---|---|
| author | Tomasz M. Karpiński Marzena Korbecka-Paczkowska Mark Stasiewicz Aleksandra E. Mrozikiewicz Donald Włodkowic Judyta Cielecka-Piontek |
| author_facet | Tomasz M. Karpiński Marzena Korbecka-Paczkowska Mark Stasiewicz Aleksandra E. Mrozikiewicz Donald Włodkowic Judyta Cielecka-Piontek |
| author_sort | Tomasz M. Karpiński |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Objectives: <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> rapidly acquires antibiotic resistance and demonstrates increasing tolerance to antiseptics. This study evaluated the activity of eight antiseptics against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, assessed its ability to develop adaptation to these antiseptics, and, for the first time, determined the Karpinski Adaptation Index (KAI) for this bacterium. Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), susceptibility to antibiotics, bactericidal time according to EN 1040:2005, adaptation potential, and KAI of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains were evaluated. Results: The most effective antiseptics against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, based on MIC activity, were octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT; mean MIC 11.3 ± 4.5 µg/mL), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB; MIC 22.6 ± 8.0 µg/mL), and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX; MIC 26.6 ± 14.4 µg/mL). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethacridine lactate (ET) showed moderate activity, while boric acid (BA), povidone-iodine (PVI), and potassium permanganate (KMnO<sub>4</sub>) exhibited the weakest MIC activity. MIC values for NaOCl (95 ± 15.4 µg/mL) and KMnO<sub>4</sub> (>10 mg/mL) were close to or exceeded the clinical concentrations used in commercial products. OCT, CHX, and PVI exhibited the fastest bactericidal effect within 1 min. Bactericidal times were up to 15 min for PHMB, up to 60 min for ET, and more than 60 min for BA, NaOCl, and KMnO<sub>4</sub>. The lowest KAI values, indicating a low resistance risk, were observed for OCT (0.12), PHMB (0.19), and BA (0.19). Moderate resistance risk was noted for PVI (0.21), CHX (0.29), and ET (0.47). The highest KAI values, signifying a very high resistance risk, were found for NaOCl (1.0) and KMnO<sub>4</sub> (≥1.0). Conclusions: Antiseptics like OCT, CHX, and partially PVI can be critical in quick antibacterial action on infected wounds, while agents such as PHMB might be reserved for cases where prolonged contact times are possible. Given the rapid adaptation of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> to the clinical concentrations of NaOCl and KMnO<sub>4</sub> currently in use, reconsideration of their effectiveness in treating skin and mucous membrane infections is recommended. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-de6162228f4341ecaa906277ee840d19 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-de6162228f4341ecaa906277ee840d192025-01-24T13:18:37ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-01-011413010.3390/antibiotics14010030Activity of Antiseptics Against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Its Adaptation PotentialTomasz M. Karpiński0Marzena Korbecka-Paczkowska1Mark Stasiewicz2Aleksandra E. Mrozikiewicz3Donald Włodkowic4Judyta Cielecka-Piontek5Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 10, 60-806 Poznań, PolandChair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 10, 60-806 Poznań, PolandChair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 10, 60-806 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Reproduction, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, PolandThe Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, PolandBackground/Objectives: <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> rapidly acquires antibiotic resistance and demonstrates increasing tolerance to antiseptics. This study evaluated the activity of eight antiseptics against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, assessed its ability to develop adaptation to these antiseptics, and, for the first time, determined the Karpinski Adaptation Index (KAI) for this bacterium. Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), susceptibility to antibiotics, bactericidal time according to EN 1040:2005, adaptation potential, and KAI of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains were evaluated. Results: The most effective antiseptics against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, based on MIC activity, were octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT; mean MIC 11.3 ± 4.5 µg/mL), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB; MIC 22.6 ± 8.0 µg/mL), and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX; MIC 26.6 ± 14.4 µg/mL). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethacridine lactate (ET) showed moderate activity, while boric acid (BA), povidone-iodine (PVI), and potassium permanganate (KMnO<sub>4</sub>) exhibited the weakest MIC activity. MIC values for NaOCl (95 ± 15.4 µg/mL) and KMnO<sub>4</sub> (>10 mg/mL) were close to or exceeded the clinical concentrations used in commercial products. OCT, CHX, and PVI exhibited the fastest bactericidal effect within 1 min. Bactericidal times were up to 15 min for PHMB, up to 60 min for ET, and more than 60 min for BA, NaOCl, and KMnO<sub>4</sub>. The lowest KAI values, indicating a low resistance risk, were observed for OCT (0.12), PHMB (0.19), and BA (0.19). Moderate resistance risk was noted for PVI (0.21), CHX (0.29), and ET (0.47). The highest KAI values, signifying a very high resistance risk, were found for NaOCl (1.0) and KMnO<sub>4</sub> (≥1.0). Conclusions: Antiseptics like OCT, CHX, and partially PVI can be critical in quick antibacterial action on infected wounds, while agents such as PHMB might be reserved for cases where prolonged contact times are possible. Given the rapid adaptation of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> to the clinical concentrations of NaOCl and KMnO<sub>4</sub> currently in use, reconsideration of their effectiveness in treating skin and mucous membrane infections is recommended.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/30clinical concentrationclinical dosefold changeantimicrobial resistanceAMRresistance development |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz M. Karpiński Marzena Korbecka-Paczkowska Mark Stasiewicz Aleksandra E. Mrozikiewicz Donald Włodkowic Judyta Cielecka-Piontek Activity of Antiseptics Against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Its Adaptation Potential Antibiotics clinical concentration clinical dose fold change antimicrobial resistance AMR resistance development |
| title | Activity of Antiseptics Against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Its Adaptation Potential |
| title_full | Activity of Antiseptics Against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Its Adaptation Potential |
| title_fullStr | Activity of Antiseptics Against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Its Adaptation Potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activity of Antiseptics Against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Its Adaptation Potential |
| title_short | Activity of Antiseptics Against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Its Adaptation Potential |
| title_sort | activity of antiseptics against i pseudomonas aeruginosa i and its adaptation potential |
| topic | clinical concentration clinical dose fold change antimicrobial resistance AMR resistance development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/30 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tomaszmkarpinski activityofantisepticsagainstipseudomonasaeruginosaianditsadaptationpotential AT marzenakorbeckapaczkowska activityofantisepticsagainstipseudomonasaeruginosaianditsadaptationpotential AT markstasiewicz activityofantisepticsagainstipseudomonasaeruginosaianditsadaptationpotential AT aleksandraemrozikiewicz activityofantisepticsagainstipseudomonasaeruginosaianditsadaptationpotential AT donaldwłodkowic activityofantisepticsagainstipseudomonasaeruginosaianditsadaptationpotential AT judytacieleckapiontek activityofantisepticsagainstipseudomonasaeruginosaianditsadaptationpotential |