Patterns of Postablation Recurrence and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Background Atrial arrhythmia recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation is conventionally assessed as a binary end point. However, the prognostic value of recurrence patterns is less studied. Methods and Results This study included patients undergoing catheter ablation from the mult...

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Main Authors: Sitong Li, Jingrui Zhang, Song Zuo, Jue Wang, Yiwei Lai, Mingxiao Li, Zejun Yang, Zixu Zhao, Manlin Zhao, Lan Ren, Zhen Wang, Chao Jiang, Liu He, Xueyuan Guo, Xiaoxia Liu, Ribo Tang, Ning Zhou, Caihua Sang, Deyong Long, Xin Du, Jianzeng Dong, Changsheng Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.038832
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author Sitong Li
Jingrui Zhang
Song Zuo
Jue Wang
Yiwei Lai
Mingxiao Li
Zejun Yang
Zixu Zhao
Manlin Zhao
Lan Ren
Zhen Wang
Chao Jiang
Liu He
Xueyuan Guo
Xiaoxia Liu
Ribo Tang
Ning Zhou
Caihua Sang
Deyong Long
Xin Du
Jianzeng Dong
Changsheng Ma
author_facet Sitong Li
Jingrui Zhang
Song Zuo
Jue Wang
Yiwei Lai
Mingxiao Li
Zejun Yang
Zixu Zhao
Manlin Zhao
Lan Ren
Zhen Wang
Chao Jiang
Liu He
Xueyuan Guo
Xiaoxia Liu
Ribo Tang
Ning Zhou
Caihua Sang
Deyong Long
Xin Du
Jianzeng Dong
Changsheng Ma
author_sort Sitong Li
collection DOAJ
description Background Atrial arrhythmia recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation is conventionally assessed as a binary end point. However, the prognostic value of recurrence patterns is less studied. Methods and Results This study included patients undergoing catheter ablation from the multicenter China Atrial Fibrillation Registry study (2011–2022). Postablation AF patterns within 1 year were categorized as nonrecurrence, paroxysmal AF recurrence, or persistent AF (PersAF) recurrence. Cardiovascular outcomes included cardiovascular death, thromboembolism, and cardiovascular hospitalization. Cox proportional models with landmark analysis were used to assess the relationship between recurrence patterns and outcomes. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using Fine‐Gray models, considering death unrelated to the outcomes as the competing risk and evaluating 2‐year recurrence patterns. Among 13 811 patients (mean age, 60.5±10.8 years; 66.1% men), those with preablation PersAF, prior stroke/transient ischemic attack/systemic embolism, and increased left atrial diameter were more likely to develop PersAF postablation. Compared with nonrecurrence, PersAF recurrence was associated with higher risks of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR], 2.03 [95% CI, 1.20–3.43]; P=0.009), thromboembolism (HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.09–2.06]; P=0.012), and cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.56–1.94]; P<0.001) during a median follow‐up of 3.02 years (interquartile range, 1.44–5.03 years), while paroxysmal AF recurrence was only significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.83–2.14], P<0.001). Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results. Conclusions Postablation PersAF recurrence was associated with significantly higher risks of cardiovascular death and thromboembolism, compared with paroxysmal AF recurrence and nonrecurrence, indicating the prognostic importance of recurrence patterns. Registration URL: www.chictr.org.cn/; unique identifier: ChiCTR‐OCH‐13003729.
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spelling doaj-art-de1236aaa03741e4aa9900a4269d862e2025-08-20T03:07:44ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-05-0114910.1161/JAHA.124.038832Patterns of Postablation Recurrence and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial FibrillationSitong Li0Jingrui Zhang1Song Zuo2Jue Wang3Yiwei Lai4Mingxiao Li5Zejun Yang6Zixu Zhao7Manlin Zhao8Lan Ren9Zhen Wang10Chao Jiang11Liu He12Xueyuan Guo13Xiaoxia Liu14Ribo Tang15Ning Zhou16Caihua Sang17Deyong Long18Xin Du19Jianzeng Dong20Changsheng Ma21Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing ChinaBackground Atrial arrhythmia recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation is conventionally assessed as a binary end point. However, the prognostic value of recurrence patterns is less studied. Methods and Results This study included patients undergoing catheter ablation from the multicenter China Atrial Fibrillation Registry study (2011–2022). Postablation AF patterns within 1 year were categorized as nonrecurrence, paroxysmal AF recurrence, or persistent AF (PersAF) recurrence. Cardiovascular outcomes included cardiovascular death, thromboembolism, and cardiovascular hospitalization. Cox proportional models with landmark analysis were used to assess the relationship between recurrence patterns and outcomes. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using Fine‐Gray models, considering death unrelated to the outcomes as the competing risk and evaluating 2‐year recurrence patterns. Among 13 811 patients (mean age, 60.5±10.8 years; 66.1% men), those with preablation PersAF, prior stroke/transient ischemic attack/systemic embolism, and increased left atrial diameter were more likely to develop PersAF postablation. Compared with nonrecurrence, PersAF recurrence was associated with higher risks of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR], 2.03 [95% CI, 1.20–3.43]; P=0.009), thromboembolism (HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.09–2.06]; P=0.012), and cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.56–1.94]; P<0.001) during a median follow‐up of 3.02 years (interquartile range, 1.44–5.03 years), while paroxysmal AF recurrence was only significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.83–2.14], P<0.001). Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results. Conclusions Postablation PersAF recurrence was associated with significantly higher risks of cardiovascular death and thromboembolism, compared with paroxysmal AF recurrence and nonrecurrence, indicating the prognostic importance of recurrence patterns. Registration URL: www.chictr.org.cn/; unique identifier: ChiCTR‐OCH‐13003729.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.038832atrial fibrillationcardiovascular deathcatheter ablationpatterns of recurrencethromboembolism
spellingShingle Sitong Li
Jingrui Zhang
Song Zuo
Jue Wang
Yiwei Lai
Mingxiao Li
Zejun Yang
Zixu Zhao
Manlin Zhao
Lan Ren
Zhen Wang
Chao Jiang
Liu He
Xueyuan Guo
Xiaoxia Liu
Ribo Tang
Ning Zhou
Caihua Sang
Deyong Long
Xin Du
Jianzeng Dong
Changsheng Ma
Patterns of Postablation Recurrence and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
atrial fibrillation
cardiovascular death
catheter ablation
patterns of recurrence
thromboembolism
title Patterns of Postablation Recurrence and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
title_full Patterns of Postablation Recurrence and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
title_fullStr Patterns of Postablation Recurrence and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
title_full_unstemmed Patterns of Postablation Recurrence and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
title_short Patterns of Postablation Recurrence and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
title_sort patterns of postablation recurrence and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation
topic atrial fibrillation
cardiovascular death
catheter ablation
patterns of recurrence
thromboembolism
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.038832
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