Real-Time Detection of Internal Short Circuits in Lithium-Ion Batteries using an Extend Kalman Filter: A Novel Approach Combining Electrical and Thermal Measurements

Concerns over fuel scarcity and environmental degradation largely drive the increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs). Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), known for their high energy and power densities, are the favored power source for EVs. Over the past few decades, research has been concentrated...

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Main Authors: Yiqi Jia, Lorenzo Brancato, Marco Giglio, Francesco Cadini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Prognostics and Health Management Society 2024-10-01
Series:International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management
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Online Access:https://papers.phmsociety.org/index.php/ijphm/article/view/3848
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author Yiqi Jia
Lorenzo Brancato
Marco Giglio
Francesco Cadini
author_facet Yiqi Jia
Lorenzo Brancato
Marco Giglio
Francesco Cadini
author_sort Yiqi Jia
collection DOAJ
description Concerns over fuel scarcity and environmental degradation largely drive the increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs). Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), known for their high energy and power densities, are the favored power source for EVs. Over the past few decades, research has been concentrated on ensuring these batteries operate efficiently, safely, and reliably. A key issue impacting the safety of Li-ion batteries is thermal runaway (TR), which can lead to hazardous battery fires. Internal short circuits (ISCs) are often the primary cause of these TR incidents, making the early detection of spontaneous ISC formation a pivotal diagnostic task. This research introduces an innovative ISC detection technique for cylindrical Li-ion battery cells. This technique is based on the augmentation of the model state vector in an extended Kalman filter (EKF), combining both classical voltage measurements to surface temperature observations. This framework enables real-time estimation of the internal ISC state while maintaining computational efficiency. The proposed method is tested numerically considering a high-fidelity numerical plant cycled using charge-depleting tests that mimic a practical battery cell working cycle at various C rates and at different ambient temperatures to account for both load and environmental uncertainties. The results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the method. In addition, the method has been proven to be computationally efficient, demonstrating the feasibility of its real-time implementation.
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issn 2153-2648
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publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher The Prognostics and Health Management Society
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series International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management
spelling doaj-art-ddc5d6fd9d3544aeb5ee742e16eb3db92025-08-20T02:20:19ZengThe Prognostics and Health Management SocietyInternational Journal of Prognostics and Health Management2153-26482024-10-01153113https://doi.org/10.36001/ijphm.2024.v15i3.3848Real-Time Detection of Internal Short Circuits in Lithium-Ion Batteries using an Extend Kalman Filter: A Novel Approach Combining Electrical and Thermal MeasurementsYiqi Jia0Lorenzo Brancato1Marco Giglio2Francesco Cadini3Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di MilanoConcerns over fuel scarcity and environmental degradation largely drive the increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs). Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), known for their high energy and power densities, are the favored power source for EVs. Over the past few decades, research has been concentrated on ensuring these batteries operate efficiently, safely, and reliably. A key issue impacting the safety of Li-ion batteries is thermal runaway (TR), which can lead to hazardous battery fires. Internal short circuits (ISCs) are often the primary cause of these TR incidents, making the early detection of spontaneous ISC formation a pivotal diagnostic task. This research introduces an innovative ISC detection technique for cylindrical Li-ion battery cells. This technique is based on the augmentation of the model state vector in an extended Kalman filter (EKF), combining both classical voltage measurements to surface temperature observations. This framework enables real-time estimation of the internal ISC state while maintaining computational efficiency. The proposed method is tested numerically considering a high-fidelity numerical plant cycled using charge-depleting tests that mimic a practical battery cell working cycle at various C rates and at different ambient temperatures to account for both load and environmental uncertainties. The results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the method. In addition, the method has been proven to be computationally efficient, demonstrating the feasibility of its real-time implementation.https://papers.phmsociety.org/index.php/ijphm/article/view/3848lithium-ion batterythermal runawayinternal short circuitbattery management systemextended kalman filter
spellingShingle Yiqi Jia
Lorenzo Brancato
Marco Giglio
Francesco Cadini
Real-Time Detection of Internal Short Circuits in Lithium-Ion Batteries using an Extend Kalman Filter: A Novel Approach Combining Electrical and Thermal Measurements
International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management
lithium-ion battery
thermal runaway
internal short circuit
battery management system
extended kalman filter
title Real-Time Detection of Internal Short Circuits in Lithium-Ion Batteries using an Extend Kalman Filter: A Novel Approach Combining Electrical and Thermal Measurements
title_full Real-Time Detection of Internal Short Circuits in Lithium-Ion Batteries using an Extend Kalman Filter: A Novel Approach Combining Electrical and Thermal Measurements
title_fullStr Real-Time Detection of Internal Short Circuits in Lithium-Ion Batteries using an Extend Kalman Filter: A Novel Approach Combining Electrical and Thermal Measurements
title_full_unstemmed Real-Time Detection of Internal Short Circuits in Lithium-Ion Batteries using an Extend Kalman Filter: A Novel Approach Combining Electrical and Thermal Measurements
title_short Real-Time Detection of Internal Short Circuits in Lithium-Ion Batteries using an Extend Kalman Filter: A Novel Approach Combining Electrical and Thermal Measurements
title_sort real time detection of internal short circuits in lithium ion batteries using an extend kalman filter a novel approach combining electrical and thermal measurements
topic lithium-ion battery
thermal runaway
internal short circuit
battery management system
extended kalman filter
url https://papers.phmsociety.org/index.php/ijphm/article/view/3848
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AT lorenzobrancato realtimedetectionofinternalshortcircuitsinlithiumionbatteriesusinganextendkalmanfilteranovelapproachcombiningelectricalandthermalmeasurements
AT marcogiglio realtimedetectionofinternalshortcircuitsinlithiumionbatteriesusinganextendkalmanfilteranovelapproachcombiningelectricalandthermalmeasurements
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