Non-invasive evaluation of advanced glycation end products in hair as early markers of diabetes and aging

Abstract Continuous metabolic monitoring is essential for assessing lifestyle-related disease risks. Hair, an easily accessible tissue, allows for long-term metabolic evaluation, with glycated proteins linked to diabetic complications found in hair. We established a mass spectrometry system to detec...

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Main Authors: Sayuri Kato, You Satoh, Ayumi Okamoto, Ryoji Nagai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15481-z
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author Sayuri Kato
You Satoh
Ayumi Okamoto
Ryoji Nagai
author_facet Sayuri Kato
You Satoh
Ayumi Okamoto
Ryoji Nagai
author_sort Sayuri Kato
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Continuous metabolic monitoring is essential for assessing lifestyle-related disease risks. Hair, an easily accessible tissue, allows for long-term metabolic evaluation, with glycated proteins linked to diabetic complications found in hair. We established a mass spectrometry system to detect advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in hair samples from humans and rats, assessing their variations with aging and disease. Hair samples were hydrolyzed and processed using a cation-exchange column for mass spectrometric analysis. Regardless of temperature variations, the levels of AGEs [N ε -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1)] in human hair remained stable for one week. Age and CML levels, or AGEs z-scores combined with CML and CEL levels in human hair samples, were positively correlated. In streptozotocin-induced insulin-deficient diabetic model (DM) rats, hair CEL and MG-H1 levels were higher than in non-diabetic rats. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 1 for hair CEL and MG-H1 levels. Serum and hair CML levels were positively correlated. Hair AGE levels vary more between DM and non-DM rats than serum AGE levels. They remain stable under heat treatment and correlate with age, indicating that hair analysis is an effective non-invasive method for assessing metabolic fluctuations.
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spelling doaj-art-dd9fe7da2d094e55bcb772c02af828292025-08-24T11:22:38ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-15481-zNon-invasive evaluation of advanced glycation end products in hair as early markers of diabetes and agingSayuri Kato0You Satoh1Ayumi Okamoto2Ryoji Nagai3Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai UniversityGraduate School of Agriculture, Tokai UniversityLiving Appliances and Solutions Company, Panasonic CorporationGraduate School of Bioscience, Tokai UniversityAbstract Continuous metabolic monitoring is essential for assessing lifestyle-related disease risks. Hair, an easily accessible tissue, allows for long-term metabolic evaluation, with glycated proteins linked to diabetic complications found in hair. We established a mass spectrometry system to detect advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in hair samples from humans and rats, assessing their variations with aging and disease. Hair samples were hydrolyzed and processed using a cation-exchange column for mass spectrometric analysis. Regardless of temperature variations, the levels of AGEs [N ε -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1)] in human hair remained stable for one week. Age and CML levels, or AGEs z-scores combined with CML and CEL levels in human hair samples, were positively correlated. In streptozotocin-induced insulin-deficient diabetic model (DM) rats, hair CEL and MG-H1 levels were higher than in non-diabetic rats. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 1 for hair CEL and MG-H1 levels. Serum and hair CML levels were positively correlated. Hair AGE levels vary more between DM and non-DM rats than serum AGE levels. They remain stable under heat treatment and correlate with age, indicating that hair analysis is an effective non-invasive method for assessing metabolic fluctuations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15481-zAdvanced glycation end productsHairNon-invasive methodDiabetesMass spectrometry
spellingShingle Sayuri Kato
You Satoh
Ayumi Okamoto
Ryoji Nagai
Non-invasive evaluation of advanced glycation end products in hair as early markers of diabetes and aging
Scientific Reports
Advanced glycation end products
Hair
Non-invasive method
Diabetes
Mass spectrometry
title Non-invasive evaluation of advanced glycation end products in hair as early markers of diabetes and aging
title_full Non-invasive evaluation of advanced glycation end products in hair as early markers of diabetes and aging
title_fullStr Non-invasive evaluation of advanced glycation end products in hair as early markers of diabetes and aging
title_full_unstemmed Non-invasive evaluation of advanced glycation end products in hair as early markers of diabetes and aging
title_short Non-invasive evaluation of advanced glycation end products in hair as early markers of diabetes and aging
title_sort non invasive evaluation of advanced glycation end products in hair as early markers of diabetes and aging
topic Advanced glycation end products
Hair
Non-invasive method
Diabetes
Mass spectrometry
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15481-z
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