Risk factors and economic losses associated with cystic echinococcosis among livestock in selected pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Uganda
Abstract Background Cystic echinococcosis is a parasitic cyclo-zoonotic disease caused by the taeniid Echinococcus and causes significant economic losses in livestock production, yet its impact is often overlooked and under estimated. Methods This study investigated the risk factors and economic imp...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04489-2 |
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| author | Leonard Omadang Othieno Emmanuel Kokas Ikwap Erume Joseph Francis Ejobi Michael Ocaido |
| author_facet | Leonard Omadang Othieno Emmanuel Kokas Ikwap Erume Joseph Francis Ejobi Michael Ocaido |
| author_sort | Leonard Omadang |
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| description | Abstract Background Cystic echinococcosis is a parasitic cyclo-zoonotic disease caused by the taeniid Echinococcus and causes significant economic losses in livestock production, yet its impact is often overlooked and under estimated. Methods This study investigated the risk factors and economic impact of cystic echinococcosis in livestock, in Uganda’s pastoral and agro-pastoral communities. In the study, 14,937 livestock were examined at selected slaughterhouses in Moroto, Kumi, Luwero and Nakasongola districts from March 2019 to February 2020. The visceral organs were examined for hydatid cysts during slaughter and the prevalence correlated with the risk factors got from livestock traders and livestock owners through questionnaire survey. Production losses and economic losses due to organ condemnations were also estimated. Results This is the first study to provide insights into the financial impacts and risk factors towards Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) in livestock in Uganda. The key significant risk factors for the persistence of CE in goats were place of origin from Lira (P ≤ 0.000), Nakasongola (P ≤ 0.002), Luwero and Bukedea (P ≤ 0.002), and tethering (P ≤ 0.001); in cattle was communal grazing (P ≤ 0.0000); and in sheep was being kept in large flocks (P ≤ 0.004). The total annual economic losses due to CE on livestock inspected in abattoirs in the study districts was USD 21,352.7 (1 USD = 3,809.3 UGX) of which 11.7% was due to organ condemnation and 88.3% due to livestock production losses. More significant mean annual economic losses per livestock species examined occurred in Moroto district among Zebu cattle USD 8.4, goats USD 1.4 and sheep USD 1.4 than other districts. Conclusion Results show that CE is a disease of significant economic and public health importance in PAP areas in Uganda with urgent need to create awareness and institute community-based control measures involving multistakeholder particiapation.to break livestock-dog cycle. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dce6f2137e8d46cfbb347f9de2324334 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-dce6f2137e8d46cfbb347f9de23243342025-01-26T12:38:30ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-01-012111910.1186/s12917-025-04489-2Risk factors and economic losses associated with cystic echinococcosis among livestock in selected pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of UgandaLeonard Omadang0Othieno Emmanuel1Kokas Ikwap2Erume Joseph3Francis Ejobi4Michael Ocaido5College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere UniversitySchool of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere UniversityDirectorate of Research and Innovations, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroti UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere UniversityAbstract Background Cystic echinococcosis is a parasitic cyclo-zoonotic disease caused by the taeniid Echinococcus and causes significant economic losses in livestock production, yet its impact is often overlooked and under estimated. Methods This study investigated the risk factors and economic impact of cystic echinococcosis in livestock, in Uganda’s pastoral and agro-pastoral communities. In the study, 14,937 livestock were examined at selected slaughterhouses in Moroto, Kumi, Luwero and Nakasongola districts from March 2019 to February 2020. The visceral organs were examined for hydatid cysts during slaughter and the prevalence correlated with the risk factors got from livestock traders and livestock owners through questionnaire survey. Production losses and economic losses due to organ condemnations were also estimated. Results This is the first study to provide insights into the financial impacts and risk factors towards Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) in livestock in Uganda. The key significant risk factors for the persistence of CE in goats were place of origin from Lira (P ≤ 0.000), Nakasongola (P ≤ 0.002), Luwero and Bukedea (P ≤ 0.002), and tethering (P ≤ 0.001); in cattle was communal grazing (P ≤ 0.0000); and in sheep was being kept in large flocks (P ≤ 0.004). The total annual economic losses due to CE on livestock inspected in abattoirs in the study districts was USD 21,352.7 (1 USD = 3,809.3 UGX) of which 11.7% was due to organ condemnation and 88.3% due to livestock production losses. More significant mean annual economic losses per livestock species examined occurred in Moroto district among Zebu cattle USD 8.4, goats USD 1.4 and sheep USD 1.4 than other districts. Conclusion Results show that CE is a disease of significant economic and public health importance in PAP areas in Uganda with urgent need to create awareness and institute community-based control measures involving multistakeholder particiapation.to break livestock-dog cycle.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04489-2Cystic echinococcusLivestockRisk factorsEconomic lossesPastoralAgro-pastoral areas Uganda |
| spellingShingle | Leonard Omadang Othieno Emmanuel Kokas Ikwap Erume Joseph Francis Ejobi Michael Ocaido Risk factors and economic losses associated with cystic echinococcosis among livestock in selected pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Uganda BMC Veterinary Research Cystic echinococcus Livestock Risk factors Economic losses Pastoral Agro-pastoral areas Uganda |
| title | Risk factors and economic losses associated with cystic echinococcosis among livestock in selected pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Uganda |
| title_full | Risk factors and economic losses associated with cystic echinococcosis among livestock in selected pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Uganda |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors and economic losses associated with cystic echinococcosis among livestock in selected pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Uganda |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors and economic losses associated with cystic echinococcosis among livestock in selected pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Uganda |
| title_short | Risk factors and economic losses associated with cystic echinococcosis among livestock in selected pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Uganda |
| title_sort | risk factors and economic losses associated with cystic echinococcosis among livestock in selected pastoral and agro pastoral areas of uganda |
| topic | Cystic echinococcus Livestock Risk factors Economic losses Pastoral Agro-pastoral areas Uganda |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04489-2 |
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