Modification of Cellulose by Esterification Crosslinking to Manipulate Its Microstructure for Enhanced Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon
The active hydroxyl group of cellulose plays a crucial role in regulating the microstructure of cellulose-derived hard carbon, which ultimately affects its sodium storage capacity. Through small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, we proved that...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Xingyun Zhang Yue Hu Yan Wang Ming Li Cuiying Lu Shixiong Sun Junwei Lang |
| author_facet | Xingyun Zhang Yue Hu Yan Wang Ming Li Cuiying Lu Shixiong Sun Junwei Lang |
| author_sort | Xingyun Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The active hydroxyl group of cellulose plays a crucial role in regulating the microstructure of cellulose-derived hard carbon, which ultimately affects its sodium storage capacity. Through small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, we proved that modification of cellulose by esterification crosslinking can introduce more closed pores into the carbonized hard carbon, which is beneficial for promoting sodium ion storage. Our results demonstrate that by optimizing the conditions used for esterification cross-linking modification, the sodium storage capacity of cellulose-derived hard carbon could be increased from 254 to 348 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, with an increase in plateau capacity from 140 to 230 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>. This study makes a significant contribution towards establishing industrial applications for cellulose-derived hard carbon. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dcd15033d91c4deb862d67b58fd789de |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj-art-dcd15033d91c4deb862d67b58fd789de2025-01-24T13:22:29ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052025-01-011113610.3390/batteries11010036Modification of Cellulose by Esterification Crosslinking to Manipulate Its Microstructure for Enhanced Sodium Storage in Hard CarbonXingyun Zhang0Yue Hu1Yan Wang2Ming Li3Cuiying Lu4Shixiong Sun5Junwei Lang6Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, ChinaResearch Center of Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaResearch Center of Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaSchool of Energy Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, ChinaSchool of Energy Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, ChinaResearch Center of Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaShandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, ChinaThe active hydroxyl group of cellulose plays a crucial role in regulating the microstructure of cellulose-derived hard carbon, which ultimately affects its sodium storage capacity. Through small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, we proved that modification of cellulose by esterification crosslinking can introduce more closed pores into the carbonized hard carbon, which is beneficial for promoting sodium ion storage. Our results demonstrate that by optimizing the conditions used for esterification cross-linking modification, the sodium storage capacity of cellulose-derived hard carbon could be increased from 254 to 348 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, with an increase in plateau capacity from 140 to 230 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>. This study makes a significant contribution towards establishing industrial applications for cellulose-derived hard carbon.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/1/36esterification crosslinking modificationcellulose-derived hard carbonsodium ion batteries |
| spellingShingle | Xingyun Zhang Yue Hu Yan Wang Ming Li Cuiying Lu Shixiong Sun Junwei Lang Modification of Cellulose by Esterification Crosslinking to Manipulate Its Microstructure for Enhanced Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Batteries esterification crosslinking modification cellulose-derived hard carbon sodium ion batteries |
| title | Modification of Cellulose by Esterification Crosslinking to Manipulate Its Microstructure for Enhanced Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon |
| title_full | Modification of Cellulose by Esterification Crosslinking to Manipulate Its Microstructure for Enhanced Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon |
| title_fullStr | Modification of Cellulose by Esterification Crosslinking to Manipulate Its Microstructure for Enhanced Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modification of Cellulose by Esterification Crosslinking to Manipulate Its Microstructure for Enhanced Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon |
| title_short | Modification of Cellulose by Esterification Crosslinking to Manipulate Its Microstructure for Enhanced Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon |
| title_sort | modification of cellulose by esterification crosslinking to manipulate its microstructure for enhanced sodium storage in hard carbon |
| topic | esterification crosslinking modification cellulose-derived hard carbon sodium ion batteries |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/1/36 |
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