Automated and code-free development of a risk calculator using ChatGPT-4 for predicting diabetic retinopathy and macular edema without retinal imaging

Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular edema (DME) are critical causes of vision loss in patients with diabetes. In many communities, access to ophthalmologists and retinal imaging equipment is limited, making screening for diabetic retinal complications difficult in primary healt...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Eun Young Choi, Joon Yul Choi, Tae Keun Yoo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:International Journal of Retina and Vitreous
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00638-9
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