Identification of robust and abundant reference transcripts for EV mRNA cargo normalization
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated intensively because of their potential as biomarkers of disease and their versatility as bioengineered therapeutic nanoparticles. EVs carry diverse biomolecular cargo, but absolute quantification has been challenging due to a lack of established mo...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Extracellular Vesicle |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773041725000010 |
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| author | Antje M. Zickler Radosław Grochowski André Görgens Erik Bäcklin Maximilian Kordes J.-Matthias Löhr Joel Z. Nordin Samir EL Andaloussi Daniel W. Hagey |
| author_facet | Antje M. Zickler Radosław Grochowski André Görgens Erik Bäcklin Maximilian Kordes J.-Matthias Löhr Joel Z. Nordin Samir EL Andaloussi Daniel W. Hagey |
| author_sort | Antje M. Zickler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated intensively because of their potential as biomarkers of disease and their versatility as bioengineered therapeutic nanoparticles. EVs carry diverse biomolecular cargo, but absolute quantification has been challenging due to a lack of established molecular standards. Reliable identification of these has proven difficult owing to a scarcity of standardized global data sets spanning the heterogeneity of EV subtypes and cell sources. To identify reference messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, we analyze oligo-dT primed RNA-sequencing data from EVs originating from twelve different cell sources isolated using differential centrifugation followed by ultrafiltration. We identify 11 transcripts that are shared amongst the 50 most abundant in EVs from all of these cell sources. Following RT-PCR and deeper sequencing analysis, five transcripts warranted further investigation as molecular standards: TMSB4X, ACTB, GAPDH, VIM, and FTL. As such, we subjected the RT-qPCR results from two independent oligo-dT cDNA synthesis methods to stability assessment using the RefFinder analysis tool, conducted a proof-of-concept normalization on the levels of the variably expressed gene RAB13 and compared quantification of engineered mRNA loading with that of digital PCR. We confirmed the EV association of reference transcripts with EVs by performing gradient centrifugation followed by RT-qPCR and full-length mRNA analysis. To judge the applicability of these genes as reference transcripts for biomarker studies, we performed RNA-sequencing on EVs isolated from plasma by differential ultracentrifugation, and four other minimally processed biofluids. These findings confirm the applicability of these genes as molecular standards for EV-mRNA analysis and will aid in the standardization of EV research by establishing molecular reference genes that can be employed in diverse contexts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dc76c9f466e44fa18b8dbf75e33a92ce |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2773-0417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Extracellular Vesicle |
| spelling | doaj-art-dc76c9f466e44fa18b8dbf75e33a92ce2025-01-24T04:46:05ZengElsevierExtracellular Vesicle2773-04172025-06-015100065Identification of robust and abundant reference transcripts for EV mRNA cargo normalizationAntje M. Zickler0Radosław Grochowski1André Görgens2Erik Bäcklin3Maximilian Kordes4J.-Matthias Löhr5Joel Z. Nordin6Samir EL Andaloussi7Daniel W. Hagey8Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska ATMP Center, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden; Corresponding author. Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden.Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, SwedenDivision of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska ATMP Center, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, SwedenDivision of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, SwedenDivision of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Clinical Cancer Studies, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, SwedenDivision of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska ATMP Center, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (KITM), Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Stockholm, SwedenDivision of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska ATMP Center, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden; Corresponding author. Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden.Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, SwedenExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated intensively because of their potential as biomarkers of disease and their versatility as bioengineered therapeutic nanoparticles. EVs carry diverse biomolecular cargo, but absolute quantification has been challenging due to a lack of established molecular standards. Reliable identification of these has proven difficult owing to a scarcity of standardized global data sets spanning the heterogeneity of EV subtypes and cell sources. To identify reference messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, we analyze oligo-dT primed RNA-sequencing data from EVs originating from twelve different cell sources isolated using differential centrifugation followed by ultrafiltration. We identify 11 transcripts that are shared amongst the 50 most abundant in EVs from all of these cell sources. Following RT-PCR and deeper sequencing analysis, five transcripts warranted further investigation as molecular standards: TMSB4X, ACTB, GAPDH, VIM, and FTL. As such, we subjected the RT-qPCR results from two independent oligo-dT cDNA synthesis methods to stability assessment using the RefFinder analysis tool, conducted a proof-of-concept normalization on the levels of the variably expressed gene RAB13 and compared quantification of engineered mRNA loading with that of digital PCR. We confirmed the EV association of reference transcripts with EVs by performing gradient centrifugation followed by RT-qPCR and full-length mRNA analysis. To judge the applicability of these genes as reference transcripts for biomarker studies, we performed RNA-sequencing on EVs isolated from plasma by differential ultracentrifugation, and four other minimally processed biofluids. These findings confirm the applicability of these genes as molecular standards for EV-mRNA analysis and will aid in the standardization of EV research by establishing molecular reference genes that can be employed in diverse contexts.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773041725000010Extracellular vesiclesmRNATranscriptStandardsNormalizationRNA-Sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Antje M. Zickler Radosław Grochowski André Görgens Erik Bäcklin Maximilian Kordes J.-Matthias Löhr Joel Z. Nordin Samir EL Andaloussi Daniel W. Hagey Identification of robust and abundant reference transcripts for EV mRNA cargo normalization Extracellular Vesicle Extracellular vesicles mRNA Transcript Standards Normalization RNA-Sequencing |
| title | Identification of robust and abundant reference transcripts for EV mRNA cargo normalization |
| title_full | Identification of robust and abundant reference transcripts for EV mRNA cargo normalization |
| title_fullStr | Identification of robust and abundant reference transcripts for EV mRNA cargo normalization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of robust and abundant reference transcripts for EV mRNA cargo normalization |
| title_short | Identification of robust and abundant reference transcripts for EV mRNA cargo normalization |
| title_sort | identification of robust and abundant reference transcripts for ev mrna cargo normalization |
| topic | Extracellular vesicles mRNA Transcript Standards Normalization RNA-Sequencing |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773041725000010 |
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