Serum Syndecan-1 is Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Introduction: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is associated with important kidney and cardiovascular morbidities. We tested the hypothesis that serum syndecan-1, a marker of endothelial glycocalyx injury, can help identify patients at risk for unfavorable kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. Meth...

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Main Authors: Colin Bauer, Arshia Anand, Christine Sethna, Jonathan Troost, Tarak Srivastava, Imtiazul Islam, Audrey Fetsko, Julie A. Dougherty, William E. Smoyer, Richard J. Johnson, Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Kidney International Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925002803
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author Colin Bauer
Arshia Anand
Christine Sethna
Jonathan Troost
Tarak Srivastava
Imtiazul Islam
Audrey Fetsko
Julie A. Dougherty
William E. Smoyer
Richard J. Johnson
Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
author_facet Colin Bauer
Arshia Anand
Christine Sethna
Jonathan Troost
Tarak Srivastava
Imtiazul Islam
Audrey Fetsko
Julie A. Dougherty
William E. Smoyer
Richard J. Johnson
Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
author_sort Colin Bauer
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is associated with important kidney and cardiovascular morbidities. We tested the hypothesis that serum syndecan-1, a marker of endothelial glycocalyx injury, can help identify patients at risk for unfavorable kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We included 348 children and adults with INS (n = 35 unbiopsied, n = 141 minimal change disease [MCD] and n = 172 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [FSGS]) from the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) cohort and 34 healthy participants (n = 22 adults, n = 12 children). We measured baseline serum syndecan-1 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and evaluated their relationship with kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. We performed in vitro studies to test whether INS sera and different therapeutics may alter syndecan-1 expression in human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC). Results: Serum syndecan-1 was higher in patients with INS than in controls and was high in approximately one-third of patients without proteinuria or with subnephrotic proteinuria. Patients receiving steroids, regardless of disease activity, showed higher syndecan-1 than those off immunosuppression. Syndecan-1 was higher in proteinuric patients with MCD than in FSGS. At the time of serum collection, syndecan-1 modestly correlated with proteinuria but not with kidney function. In longitudinal analyses, serum syndecan-1 was associated with the composite of 40% decline in kidney function or kidney failure and with dyslipidemia. Compared with controls, INS sera in relapse increased syndecan-1 expression in cultured GEnC, and this was partially or fully mitigated when dexamethasone or a metalloprotease inhibitor were added, respectively, to culture media. Conclusion: Baseline serum syndecan-1 is associated with unfavorable kidney outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in INS.
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spelling doaj-art-dc6e37ab1f2043aba1488338760b81372025-08-20T03:16:00ZengElsevierKidney International Reports2468-02492025-08-011082732274010.1016/j.ekir.2025.04.055Serum Syndecan-1 is Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Idiopathic Nephrotic SyndromeColin Bauer0Arshia Anand1Christine Sethna2Jonathan Troost3Tarak Srivastava4Imtiazul Islam5Audrey Fetsko6Julie A. Dougherty7William E. Smoyer8Richard J. Johnson9Gabriel Cara-Fuentes10Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USADivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USADivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USAMichigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USAPediatric Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USADivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USADivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USADivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USADivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Correspondence: Gabriel Cara-Fuentes, 700 Children’s Dr, Columbus, Ohio 43250, USA.Introduction: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is associated with important kidney and cardiovascular morbidities. We tested the hypothesis that serum syndecan-1, a marker of endothelial glycocalyx injury, can help identify patients at risk for unfavorable kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We included 348 children and adults with INS (n = 35 unbiopsied, n = 141 minimal change disease [MCD] and n = 172 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [FSGS]) from the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) cohort and 34 healthy participants (n = 22 adults, n = 12 children). We measured baseline serum syndecan-1 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and evaluated their relationship with kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. We performed in vitro studies to test whether INS sera and different therapeutics may alter syndecan-1 expression in human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC). Results: Serum syndecan-1 was higher in patients with INS than in controls and was high in approximately one-third of patients without proteinuria or with subnephrotic proteinuria. Patients receiving steroids, regardless of disease activity, showed higher syndecan-1 than those off immunosuppression. Syndecan-1 was higher in proteinuric patients with MCD than in FSGS. At the time of serum collection, syndecan-1 modestly correlated with proteinuria but not with kidney function. In longitudinal analyses, serum syndecan-1 was associated with the composite of 40% decline in kidney function or kidney failure and with dyslipidemia. Compared with controls, INS sera in relapse increased syndecan-1 expression in cultured GEnC, and this was partially or fully mitigated when dexamethasone or a metalloprotease inhibitor were added, respectively, to culture media. Conclusion: Baseline serum syndecan-1 is associated with unfavorable kidney outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in INS.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925002803biomarkercardiovascular outcomesendothelial glycocalyxidiopathic nephrotic syndromeNEPTUNEsyndecan-1
spellingShingle Colin Bauer
Arshia Anand
Christine Sethna
Jonathan Troost
Tarak Srivastava
Imtiazul Islam
Audrey Fetsko
Julie A. Dougherty
William E. Smoyer
Richard J. Johnson
Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
Serum Syndecan-1 is Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Kidney International Reports
biomarker
cardiovascular outcomes
endothelial glycocalyx
idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
NEPTUNE
syndecan-1
title Serum Syndecan-1 is Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
title_full Serum Syndecan-1 is Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
title_fullStr Serum Syndecan-1 is Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Serum Syndecan-1 is Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
title_short Serum Syndecan-1 is Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
title_sort serum syndecan 1 is associated with kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
topic biomarker
cardiovascular outcomes
endothelial glycocalyx
idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
NEPTUNE
syndecan-1
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925002803
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