Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in PTEN Loss Prostate Cancer
<i>PTEN</i> (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is a frequently lost tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer, leading to aggressive tumor behavior and poor clinical outcomes. <i>PTEN</i> loss results in aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, promoting oncogenesis. Th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Immuno |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5601/4/4/28 |
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| author | Jorge Esteban-Villarrubia Pablo Alvarez Ballesteros Miguel Martín-Serrano María Ruiz Vico Juan M Funes Guillermo de Velasco Elena Castro David Olmos Daniel Castellano Enrique González-Billalabeitia |
| author_facet | Jorge Esteban-Villarrubia Pablo Alvarez Ballesteros Miguel Martín-Serrano María Ruiz Vico Juan M Funes Guillermo de Velasco Elena Castro David Olmos Daniel Castellano Enrique González-Billalabeitia |
| author_sort | Jorge Esteban-Villarrubia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>PTEN</i> (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is a frequently lost tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer, leading to aggressive tumor behavior and poor clinical outcomes. <i>PTEN</i> loss results in aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, promoting oncogenesis. These alterations also lead to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with altered immune cell infiltration, cytokine profiles, and immune checkpoint regulation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying <i>PTEN</i> loss in prostate cancer and the consequent immune alterations observed in this subtype, thus underscoring the importance of understanding <i>PTEN</i>-mediated immune modulation for the development of effective therapeutic interventions in prostate cancer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dc1d3a564dc8400a8a99ba491a502bd1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-5601 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Immuno |
| spelling | doaj-art-dc1d3a564dc8400a8a99ba491a502bd12025-08-20T02:00:42ZengMDPI AGImmuno2673-56012024-11-014444446010.3390/immuno4040028Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in PTEN Loss Prostate CancerJorge Esteban-Villarrubia0Pablo Alvarez Ballesteros1Miguel Martín-Serrano2María Ruiz Vico3Juan M Funes4Guillermo de Velasco5Elena Castro6David Olmos7Daniel Castellano8Enrique González-Billalabeitia9Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Medical Oncology, I+12 Biomedical Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Medical Oncology, I+12 Biomedical Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain<i>PTEN</i> (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is a frequently lost tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer, leading to aggressive tumor behavior and poor clinical outcomes. <i>PTEN</i> loss results in aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, promoting oncogenesis. These alterations also lead to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with altered immune cell infiltration, cytokine profiles, and immune checkpoint regulation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying <i>PTEN</i> loss in prostate cancer and the consequent immune alterations observed in this subtype, thus underscoring the importance of understanding <i>PTEN</i>-mediated immune modulation for the development of effective therapeutic interventions in prostate cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5601/4/4/28prostate cancer<i>PTEN</i> lossimmune evasionimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Jorge Esteban-Villarrubia Pablo Alvarez Ballesteros Miguel Martín-Serrano María Ruiz Vico Juan M Funes Guillermo de Velasco Elena Castro David Olmos Daniel Castellano Enrique González-Billalabeitia Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in PTEN Loss Prostate Cancer Immuno prostate cancer <i>PTEN</i> loss immune evasion immunotherapy |
| title | Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in PTEN Loss Prostate Cancer |
| title_full | Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in PTEN Loss Prostate Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in PTEN Loss Prostate Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in PTEN Loss Prostate Cancer |
| title_short | Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in PTEN Loss Prostate Cancer |
| title_sort | mechanisms of immune evasion in pten loss prostate cancer |
| topic | prostate cancer <i>PTEN</i> loss immune evasion immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5601/4/4/28 |
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