Concatenated Vertical Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis for HAP-Based Optical Networks
In this paper, we look into the modeling of free space optical channel and design of the HAP-based wireless optical networks. For vertical beam propagation, the pressure and temperature gradients alter with height. Microscale variations in refractivity result in uncertainties that depend on elevatio...
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2024-01-01
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| author | Neha Tiwari Swades De Dharmaraja Selvamuthu |
| author_facet | Neha Tiwari Swades De Dharmaraja Selvamuthu |
| author_sort | Neha Tiwari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we look into the modeling of free space optical channel and design of the HAP-based wireless optical networks. For vertical beam propagation, the pressure and temperature gradients alter with height. Microscale variations in refractivity result in uncertainties that depend on elevation. As a result, irradiance fading variance caused by turbulence keeps on changing throughout the propagation path. Also, the eddies' shape transitions from spherical and symmetrical near the ground to highly asymmetrical and anisotropic at heights far away from the ground. In this paper, taking into account these variations concerning height, we propose to break the vertical FSO (VFSO) channel into parallel layers. We develop a VFSO channel model built upon the cascaded structure of fading coefficients. Correlated phase screen simulation method is used to verify the accuracy of the proposed channel model. Next, a closed-form expression for the probability density function is developed for the concatenated channel incorporating a generalized pointing error model. To demonstrate the significance of this newly developed VFSO channel model in HAP-based optical networks, closed-form expressions for bit error rate performance is also derived. Monte Carlo simulations substantiate that the newly formulated analytical expressions offer accurate assessments of the BER performance for HAP-based VFSO links. For HAP-based optical networks facing weak turbulence, the newly developed expressions provide an accuracy of about 2 dB for a BER of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-4}$</tex-math></inline-formula> as compared to the existing competitive models. This value increases to 4 dB after incorporating pointing errors in HAP-based optical networks. In optical networks facing strong fluctuation regions, the newly developed expressions provide an accuracy of about 8 dB for a BER of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-4}$</tex-math></inline-formula> as compared to the existing competitive model. Similar observations are made after incorporating pointing errors in HAP-based optical networks facing strong turbulence regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dc012c415f4c4a0896c763d39b9b0826 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-dc012c415f4c4a0896c763d39b9b08262025-01-23T00:00:10ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552024-01-0116511410.1109/JPHOT.2024.343447110613366Concatenated Vertical Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis for HAP-Based Optical NetworksNeha Tiwari0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5740-8824Swades De1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3979-1025Dharmaraja Selvamuthu2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-0864Bharti School of Telecommunication and Management, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Bharti School of Telecommunication and Management, IIT Delhi,, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Mathematics and Bharti School of Telecommunication and Management, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaIn this paper, we look into the modeling of free space optical channel and design of the HAP-based wireless optical networks. For vertical beam propagation, the pressure and temperature gradients alter with height. Microscale variations in refractivity result in uncertainties that depend on elevation. As a result, irradiance fading variance caused by turbulence keeps on changing throughout the propagation path. Also, the eddies' shape transitions from spherical and symmetrical near the ground to highly asymmetrical and anisotropic at heights far away from the ground. In this paper, taking into account these variations concerning height, we propose to break the vertical FSO (VFSO) channel into parallel layers. We develop a VFSO channel model built upon the cascaded structure of fading coefficients. Correlated phase screen simulation method is used to verify the accuracy of the proposed channel model. Next, a closed-form expression for the probability density function is developed for the concatenated channel incorporating a generalized pointing error model. To demonstrate the significance of this newly developed VFSO channel model in HAP-based optical networks, closed-form expressions for bit error rate performance is also derived. Monte Carlo simulations substantiate that the newly formulated analytical expressions offer accurate assessments of the BER performance for HAP-based VFSO links. For HAP-based optical networks facing weak turbulence, the newly developed expressions provide an accuracy of about 2 dB for a BER of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-4}$</tex-math></inline-formula> as compared to the existing competitive models. This value increases to 4 dB after incorporating pointing errors in HAP-based optical networks. In optical networks facing strong fluctuation regions, the newly developed expressions provide an accuracy of about 8 dB for a BER of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-4}$</tex-math></inline-formula> as compared to the existing competitive model. Similar observations are made after incorporating pointing errors in HAP-based optical networks facing strong turbulence regions.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10613366/Anisotropic eddiesbit error rate performancehigh altitude platforms (HAPs)pointing errorturbulence channel modelvertical free space optical (FSO) links |
| spellingShingle | Neha Tiwari Swades De Dharmaraja Selvamuthu Concatenated Vertical Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis for HAP-Based Optical Networks IEEE Photonics Journal Anisotropic eddies bit error rate performance high altitude platforms (HAPs) pointing error turbulence channel model vertical free space optical (FSO) links |
| title | Concatenated Vertical Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis for HAP-Based Optical Networks |
| title_full | Concatenated Vertical Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis for HAP-Based Optical Networks |
| title_fullStr | Concatenated Vertical Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis for HAP-Based Optical Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Concatenated Vertical Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis for HAP-Based Optical Networks |
| title_short | Concatenated Vertical Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis for HAP-Based Optical Networks |
| title_sort | concatenated vertical channel modeling and performance analysis for hap based optical networks |
| topic | Anisotropic eddies bit error rate performance high altitude platforms (HAPs) pointing error turbulence channel model vertical free space optical (FSO) links |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10613366/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nehatiwari concatenatedverticalchannelmodelingandperformanceanalysisforhapbasedopticalnetworks AT swadesde concatenatedverticalchannelmodelingandperformanceanalysisforhapbasedopticalnetworks AT dharmarajaselvamuthu concatenatedverticalchannelmodelingandperformanceanalysisforhapbasedopticalnetworks |