Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective study

BackgroundThe global impact of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has necessitated urgent characterization of prognostic biomarkers. This study aimed to delineate the epidemiological and clinical predictors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.MethodsA retrospe...

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Main Authors: Yaohua Hu, You Lu, Jiagui Dong, Delin Xia, Jin Li, Hong Wang, Min Rao, Chenxing Wang, Wanning Tong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1464274/full
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author Yaohua Hu
You Lu
Jiagui Dong
Delin Xia
Jin Li
Hong Wang
Min Rao
Chenxing Wang
Wanning Tong
author_facet Yaohua Hu
You Lu
Jiagui Dong
Delin Xia
Jin Li
Hong Wang
Min Rao
Chenxing Wang
Wanning Tong
author_sort Yaohua Hu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe global impact of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has necessitated urgent characterization of prognostic biomarkers. This study aimed to delineate the epidemiological and clinical predictors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 123 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China) from 1 February 2020 to 30 April 2020. Kaplan–Meier curve and multivariate Cox regression were used to assess the independent factors with survival time. Statistical significance was set at a p-value of <0.05.ResultsThe cohort exhibited a mortality rate of 49.6% (61/123), with the critical clinical type (HR = 7.970, p = 0.009), leukocytosis (HR = 3.408, p = 0.006), and lymphopenia (HR = 0.817, p = 0.038) emerging as independent predictors of reduced survival. Critical-type patients demonstrated significantly elevated inflammatory markers (neutrophils: 10.41 ± 6.23 × 109/L; CRP: 104.47 ± 29.18 mg/L) and coagulopathy (D-dimer: 5.21 ± 2.34 μg/ml) compared to non-critical cases. Deceased patients exhibited pronounced metabolic derangements, including hyperglycemia (9.81 ± 2.07 mmol/L) and hepatic dysfunction (ALP: 174.03 ± 30.13 U/L).ConclusionWe revealed the epidemiological and clinical features of different clinical types of SARS-CoV-2 as summarized in this paper. We found that critical type, leukocyte, and lymphocyte are risk factors that affect survival time, which could be an early and helpful marker to improve management of COVID-19 patients.
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spelling doaj-art-dbf60e7ed8d741cd9f4e45b66dea94112025-08-20T02:47:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-03-011210.3389/fmed.2025.14642741464274Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective studyYaohua Hu0You Lu1Jiagui Dong2Delin Xia3Jin Li4Hong Wang5Min Rao6Chenxing Wang7Wanning Tong8Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, ChinaBackgroundThe global impact of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has necessitated urgent characterization of prognostic biomarkers. This study aimed to delineate the epidemiological and clinical predictors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 123 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China) from 1 February 2020 to 30 April 2020. Kaplan–Meier curve and multivariate Cox regression were used to assess the independent factors with survival time. Statistical significance was set at a p-value of <0.05.ResultsThe cohort exhibited a mortality rate of 49.6% (61/123), with the critical clinical type (HR = 7.970, p = 0.009), leukocytosis (HR = 3.408, p = 0.006), and lymphopenia (HR = 0.817, p = 0.038) emerging as independent predictors of reduced survival. Critical-type patients demonstrated significantly elevated inflammatory markers (neutrophils: 10.41 ± 6.23 × 109/L; CRP: 104.47 ± 29.18 mg/L) and coagulopathy (D-dimer: 5.21 ± 2.34 μg/ml) compared to non-critical cases. Deceased patients exhibited pronounced metabolic derangements, including hyperglycemia (9.81 ± 2.07 mmol/L) and hepatic dysfunction (ALP: 174.03 ± 30.13 U/L).ConclusionWe revealed the epidemiological and clinical features of different clinical types of SARS-CoV-2 as summarized in this paper. We found that critical type, leukocyte, and lymphocyte are risk factors that affect survival time, which could be an early and helpful marker to improve management of COVID-19 patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1464274/fullSARS-CoV-2d-dimerCOVID-19epidemiologyleukocyte
spellingShingle Yaohua Hu
You Lu
Jiagui Dong
Delin Xia
Jin Li
Hong Wang
Min Rao
Chenxing Wang
Wanning Tong
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective study
Frontiers in Medicine
SARS-CoV-2
d-dimer
COVID-19
epidemiology
leukocyte
title Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective study
title_full Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective study
title_fullStr Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective study
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective study
title_short Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective study
title_sort epidemiological and clinical characteristics of covid 19 mortality a retrospective study
topic SARS-CoV-2
d-dimer
COVID-19
epidemiology
leukocyte
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1464274/full
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