Comparative analysis of combined methylene blue photodynamic therapy and doxorubicin treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line: In vitro study on apoptosis
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck region. Combination therapy potentially enhances the effectiveness beyond that of each treatment alone. This study aimed to assess whether photodynamic therapy (PDT), using methylene blue as a photosensiti...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024004939 |
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| author | Shayan Momeni Goujani Maryam Koopaie Fateme Hamta Safarian Neda Hakimiha Shima Younespour |
| author_facet | Shayan Momeni Goujani Maryam Koopaie Fateme Hamta Safarian Neda Hakimiha Shima Younespour |
| author_sort | Shayan Momeni Goujani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck region. Combination therapy potentially enhances the effectiveness beyond that of each treatment alone. This study aimed to assess whether photodynamic therapy (PDT), using methylene blue as a photosensitizer in conjunction with doxorubicin, produces synergistic effects on the apoptosis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. Materials and methods: The human oral epidermal carcinoma cell line (KB cell line, NCBI Code: C152) was cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Following at least 24 hours of incubation, the OSCC cells were distributed into six groups, with groups 1–3 and 5 performed in the dark to prevent any light interference. 1: control group; 2: treated with 3.2 μg/mL methylene blue; 3: exposed to various concentrations of doxorubicin; 4: PDT group (methylene blue + 660 nm light); 5: treated with both doxorubicin and methylene blue; and finally, 6: treated with PDT (methylene blue + 660 nm light) in conjunction with doxorubicin. Flow cytometry methods were used to assess apoptosis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare quantitative variables between groups, and Tukey's test was applied for pairwise group comparisons. Results: Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the highest level of cellular apoptosis occurred in the group treated with PDT in conjunction with doxorubicin. Conclusions: PDT using the photosensitizer methylene blue, in combination with doxorubicin, can serve as an effective agent for inducing apoptosis in OSCC cells. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dbc3ac70bc4b47a897f0ea315cee5804 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1572-1000 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-dbc3ac70bc4b47a897f0ea315cee58042025-02-01T04:11:47ZengElsevierPhotodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy1572-10002025-02-0151104457Comparative analysis of combined methylene blue photodynamic therapy and doxorubicin treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line: In vitro study on apoptosisShayan Momeni Goujani0Maryam Koopaie1Fateme Hamta Safarian2Neda Hakimiha3Shima Younespour4Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Correspondence author at Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran North Kargar St, Po. Code: 14399-55991 P.O.BOX:14395 -433Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranLaser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranIntroduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck region. Combination therapy potentially enhances the effectiveness beyond that of each treatment alone. This study aimed to assess whether photodynamic therapy (PDT), using methylene blue as a photosensitizer in conjunction with doxorubicin, produces synergistic effects on the apoptosis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. Materials and methods: The human oral epidermal carcinoma cell line (KB cell line, NCBI Code: C152) was cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Following at least 24 hours of incubation, the OSCC cells were distributed into six groups, with groups 1–3 and 5 performed in the dark to prevent any light interference. 1: control group; 2: treated with 3.2 μg/mL methylene blue; 3: exposed to various concentrations of doxorubicin; 4: PDT group (methylene blue + 660 nm light); 5: treated with both doxorubicin and methylene blue; and finally, 6: treated with PDT (methylene blue + 660 nm light) in conjunction with doxorubicin. Flow cytometry methods were used to assess apoptosis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare quantitative variables between groups, and Tukey's test was applied for pairwise group comparisons. Results: Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the highest level of cellular apoptosis occurred in the group treated with PDT in conjunction with doxorubicin. Conclusions: PDT using the photosensitizer methylene blue, in combination with doxorubicin, can serve as an effective agent for inducing apoptosis in OSCC cells.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024004939Oral squamous cell carcinomaPhotodynamic therapyDoxorubicinMethylene blueApoptosisSquamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck |
| spellingShingle | Shayan Momeni Goujani Maryam Koopaie Fateme Hamta Safarian Neda Hakimiha Shima Younespour Comparative analysis of combined methylene blue photodynamic therapy and doxorubicin treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line: In vitro study on apoptosis Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Oral squamous cell carcinoma Photodynamic therapy Doxorubicin Methylene blue Apoptosis Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck |
| title | Comparative analysis of combined methylene blue photodynamic therapy and doxorubicin treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line: In vitro study on apoptosis |
| title_full | Comparative analysis of combined methylene blue photodynamic therapy and doxorubicin treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line: In vitro study on apoptosis |
| title_fullStr | Comparative analysis of combined methylene blue photodynamic therapy and doxorubicin treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line: In vitro study on apoptosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative analysis of combined methylene blue photodynamic therapy and doxorubicin treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line: In vitro study on apoptosis |
| title_short | Comparative analysis of combined methylene blue photodynamic therapy and doxorubicin treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line: In vitro study on apoptosis |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of combined methylene blue photodynamic therapy and doxorubicin treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line in vitro study on apoptosis |
| topic | Oral squamous cell carcinoma Photodynamic therapy Doxorubicin Methylene blue Apoptosis Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024004939 |
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