Sex differences in peripheral and central dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract We previously demonstrated that kynurenine pathway (KP) dysregulation associates with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its symptoms. Here, we profiled 16 KP-related markers in a second, independent cohort; plasma: n = 202 (116 PD (“OFF”), 86 controls); CSF: n = 183 (108, 75). Consistent with pr...

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Main Authors: Leslie C. Jellen, Martha L. Escobar Galvis, Qiong Sha, Christine Isaguirre, Amy Johnson, Zach Madaj, Mechelle M. Lewis, Ryan D. Sheldon, Lan Kong, Xuemei Huang, Lena Brundin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:npj Parkinson's Disease
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00949-6
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author Leslie C. Jellen
Martha L. Escobar Galvis
Qiong Sha
Christine Isaguirre
Amy Johnson
Zach Madaj
Mechelle M. Lewis
Ryan D. Sheldon
Lan Kong
Xuemei Huang
Lena Brundin
author_facet Leslie C. Jellen
Martha L. Escobar Galvis
Qiong Sha
Christine Isaguirre
Amy Johnson
Zach Madaj
Mechelle M. Lewis
Ryan D. Sheldon
Lan Kong
Xuemei Huang
Lena Brundin
author_sort Leslie C. Jellen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We previously demonstrated that kynurenine pathway (KP) dysregulation associates with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its symptoms. Here, we profiled 16 KP-related markers in a second, independent cohort; plasma: n = 202 (116 PD (“OFF”), 86 controls); CSF: n = 183 (108, 75). Consistent with previous findings, we detected significantly higher concentrations of neurotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine in plasma and lower concentrations of neuroprotective kynurenic acid along with higher neurotoxic quinolinic acid/kynurenic acid ratios in CSF of PD patients. Additionally, 10 markers showed sex-based differences, with more pronounced dysregulation in females. These 10 markers loaded to a single principal component linked to higher UPDRS I and II scores. Together, this suggests a composite signature of KP dysregulation in PD that is associated with worse symptoms and more prevalent in women. This work shows that KP dysregulation in peripheral and central compartments is linked to symptom severity in PD and warrants further systematic studies unraveling sex-dependent metabolic differences.
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spelling doaj-art-dbbe85db27d341bc83a9f2bb75d883012025-08-20T03:09:34ZengNature Portfolionpj Parkinson's Disease2373-80572025-05-0111111210.1038/s41531-025-00949-6Sex differences in peripheral and central dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in Parkinson’s diseaseLeslie C. Jellen0Martha L. Escobar Galvis1Qiong Sha2Christine Isaguirre3Amy Johnson4Zach Madaj5Mechelle M. Lewis6Ryan D. Sheldon7Lan Kong8Xuemei Huang9Lena Brundin10Department of Neurology, Translational Brain Research Center, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterOffice of the Cores, Van Andel InstituteDepartment of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel InstituteMass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel InstituteMass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel InstituteBioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel InstituteDepartment of Neurology, Translational Brain Research Center, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterMass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel InstitutePublic Health Sciences, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterDepartment of Neurology, Translational Brain Research Center, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterDepartment of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel InstituteAbstract We previously demonstrated that kynurenine pathway (KP) dysregulation associates with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its symptoms. Here, we profiled 16 KP-related markers in a second, independent cohort; plasma: n = 202 (116 PD (“OFF”), 86 controls); CSF: n = 183 (108, 75). Consistent with previous findings, we detected significantly higher concentrations of neurotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine in plasma and lower concentrations of neuroprotective kynurenic acid along with higher neurotoxic quinolinic acid/kynurenic acid ratios in CSF of PD patients. Additionally, 10 markers showed sex-based differences, with more pronounced dysregulation in females. These 10 markers loaded to a single principal component linked to higher UPDRS I and II scores. Together, this suggests a composite signature of KP dysregulation in PD that is associated with worse symptoms and more prevalent in women. This work shows that KP dysregulation in peripheral and central compartments is linked to symptom severity in PD and warrants further systematic studies unraveling sex-dependent metabolic differences.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00949-6
spellingShingle Leslie C. Jellen
Martha L. Escobar Galvis
Qiong Sha
Christine Isaguirre
Amy Johnson
Zach Madaj
Mechelle M. Lewis
Ryan D. Sheldon
Lan Kong
Xuemei Huang
Lena Brundin
Sex differences in peripheral and central dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in Parkinson’s disease
npj Parkinson's Disease
title Sex differences in peripheral and central dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in Parkinson’s disease
title_full Sex differences in peripheral and central dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in Parkinson’s disease
title_fullStr Sex differences in peripheral and central dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in Parkinson’s disease
title_full_unstemmed Sex differences in peripheral and central dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in Parkinson’s disease
title_short Sex differences in peripheral and central dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in Parkinson’s disease
title_sort sex differences in peripheral and central dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in parkinson s disease
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00949-6
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