Adsorption and Recovery Studies of Cadmium and Lead Ions Using Biowaste Adsorbents from Aqueous Solution
The use of low-cost biowaste adsorbents for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions offers significant environmental benefits. This research evaluated the adsorption and recovery of Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions in batch and column modes with luffa p...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Liang Feng Enju Wang |
| author_facet | Liang Feng Enju Wang |
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| description | The use of low-cost biowaste adsorbents for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions offers significant environmental benefits. This research evaluated the adsorption and recovery of Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions in batch and column modes with luffa peels and chamomile flowers. The biosorbents were treated with 0.4 M nitric acid or with 0.4 M NaOH base. An FTIR analysis of the sorbents indicated that surface OH, C=O, CO and COO groups played a role in the adsorption process. L-type isotherms were obtained for Pb<sup>2+</sup>, fitting both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, with maximum adsorption capacities of 34.0 mg/g for luffa peels and 49.5 mg/g for chamomile flowers. Adsorption isotherms for Cd<sup>2+</sup> ion fit better with the Freundlich model with smaller adsorption capacity than Pb<sup>2+</sup>. Base-treated sorbents have higher adsorption capacity. The adsorption kinetic for both ions are fast and followed a pseudo-second order chemosorption model. Fixed-bed column dynamic adsorption with luffa peels obtained a Thomas dynamic adsorption capacity of 32.9 mg/g for Pb<sup>2+</sup> and 25.8 mg/g for Cd<sup>2+</sup>. The recovery efficiency was 87 to 90% over three adsorption–regeneration cycles. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-dbb3779c4d524fb5b44db72fb8fe8be92025-01-24T13:49:32ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392025-01-011211610.3390/separations12010016Adsorption and Recovery Studies of Cadmium and Lead Ions Using Biowaste Adsorbents from Aqueous SolutionLiang Feng0Enju Wang1Department of Chemistry, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USADepartment of Chemistry, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USAThe use of low-cost biowaste adsorbents for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions offers significant environmental benefits. This research evaluated the adsorption and recovery of Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions in batch and column modes with luffa peels and chamomile flowers. The biosorbents were treated with 0.4 M nitric acid or with 0.4 M NaOH base. An FTIR analysis of the sorbents indicated that surface OH, C=O, CO and COO groups played a role in the adsorption process. L-type isotherms were obtained for Pb<sup>2+</sup>, fitting both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, with maximum adsorption capacities of 34.0 mg/g for luffa peels and 49.5 mg/g for chamomile flowers. Adsorption isotherms for Cd<sup>2+</sup> ion fit better with the Freundlich model with smaller adsorption capacity than Pb<sup>2+</sup>. Base-treated sorbents have higher adsorption capacity. The adsorption kinetic for both ions are fast and followed a pseudo-second order chemosorption model. Fixed-bed column dynamic adsorption with luffa peels obtained a Thomas dynamic adsorption capacity of 32.9 mg/g for Pb<sup>2+</sup> and 25.8 mg/g for Cd<sup>2+</sup>. The recovery efficiency was 87 to 90% over three adsorption–regeneration cycles.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/1/16low cost biosorbenttoxic metalequilibriumkineticsdynamicchemosorption |
| spellingShingle | Liang Feng Enju Wang Adsorption and Recovery Studies of Cadmium and Lead Ions Using Biowaste Adsorbents from Aqueous Solution Separations low cost biosorbent toxic metal equilibrium kinetics dynamic chemosorption |
| title | Adsorption and Recovery Studies of Cadmium and Lead Ions Using Biowaste Adsorbents from Aqueous Solution |
| title_full | Adsorption and Recovery Studies of Cadmium and Lead Ions Using Biowaste Adsorbents from Aqueous Solution |
| title_fullStr | Adsorption and Recovery Studies of Cadmium and Lead Ions Using Biowaste Adsorbents from Aqueous Solution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adsorption and Recovery Studies of Cadmium and Lead Ions Using Biowaste Adsorbents from Aqueous Solution |
| title_short | Adsorption and Recovery Studies of Cadmium and Lead Ions Using Biowaste Adsorbents from Aqueous Solution |
| title_sort | adsorption and recovery studies of cadmium and lead ions using biowaste adsorbents from aqueous solution |
| topic | low cost biosorbent toxic metal equilibrium kinetics dynamic chemosorption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/1/16 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT liangfeng adsorptionandrecoverystudiesofcadmiumandleadionsusingbiowasteadsorbentsfromaqueoussolution AT enjuwang adsorptionandrecoverystudiesofcadmiumandleadionsusingbiowasteadsorbentsfromaqueoussolution |