Advances of oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukin in tumor therapy
Oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukins represent a promising frontier in tumor therapy. Oncolytic vaccinia viruses express IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IL-23, IL-24, and IL-36γ remodel the tumor microenvironment,enhance immune cell infiltration, suppress immunosuppressive elements a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1594621/full |
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| author | Mingyong Zha Fei Huang Songlin Li Qi Wang Qi Wang Qi Wang Yong Tang Yong Tang Yong Tang |
| author_facet | Mingyong Zha Fei Huang Songlin Li Qi Wang Qi Wang Qi Wang Yong Tang Yong Tang Yong Tang |
| author_sort | Mingyong Zha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukins represent a promising frontier in tumor therapy. Oncolytic vaccinia viruses express IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IL-23, IL-24, and IL-36γ remodel the tumor microenvironment,enhance immune cell infiltration, suppress immunosuppressive elements and promot systemic antitumor immunity. Combinatorial strategies with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, metabolic modulators, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or natural compounds amplify therapeutic efficacy for tumors. In addition, we review the existing solutions to the problems of the immune clearance of virus, such as the use of inhibitors to prevent neutralizing antibodies from binding to the virus and the use of polymer encapsulation or mesenchymal stem cell loading. We also discussed Current directions include optimizing delivery systems, leveraging Artificial Intelligence for personalized designs of Oncolytic vaccinia virus inserted interleukins to guide the research in the future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db981a900f7a4b5088a0dd5f5f7264d1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-db981a900f7a4b5088a0dd5f5f7264d12025-08-20T02:33:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-05-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15946211594621Advances of oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukin in tumor therapyMingyong Zha0Fei Huang1Songlin Li2Qi Wang3Qi Wang4Qi Wang5Yong Tang6Yong Tang7Yong Tang8Department of Urology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaDepartment of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-incidence Tumors, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaUniversity Engineering Research Center of Oncolytic & Nanosystem Development, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaUniversity Engineering Research Center of Oncolytic & Nanosystem Development, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaOncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukins represent a promising frontier in tumor therapy. Oncolytic vaccinia viruses express IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IL-23, IL-24, and IL-36γ remodel the tumor microenvironment,enhance immune cell infiltration, suppress immunosuppressive elements and promot systemic antitumor immunity. Combinatorial strategies with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, metabolic modulators, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or natural compounds amplify therapeutic efficacy for tumors. In addition, we review the existing solutions to the problems of the immune clearance of virus, such as the use of inhibitors to prevent neutralizing antibodies from binding to the virus and the use of polymer encapsulation or mesenchymal stem cell loading. We also discussed Current directions include optimizing delivery systems, leveraging Artificial Intelligence for personalized designs of Oncolytic vaccinia virus inserted interleukins to guide the research in the future.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1594621/fullgene therapyinterleukinstumor microenvironmentoncolytic vaccinia viruscombined therapy |
| spellingShingle | Mingyong Zha Fei Huang Songlin Li Qi Wang Qi Wang Qi Wang Yong Tang Yong Tang Yong Tang Advances of oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukin in tumor therapy Frontiers in Oncology gene therapy interleukins tumor microenvironment oncolytic vaccinia virus combined therapy |
| title | Advances of oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukin in tumor therapy |
| title_full | Advances of oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukin in tumor therapy |
| title_fullStr | Advances of oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukin in tumor therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances of oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukin in tumor therapy |
| title_short | Advances of oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukin in tumor therapy |
| title_sort | advances of oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukin in tumor therapy |
| topic | gene therapy interleukins tumor microenvironment oncolytic vaccinia virus combined therapy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1594621/full |
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