Study on the parameters optimization and the microstructure of spot welding joints of 304 stainless steel

Resistance spot welding experiments of 304 stainless steel were performed in this study. Orthogonal test and analysis method were used to carry out the experiments and optimize process parameters based on their effects on tensile shear load and nugget diameter of the spot-welded joint. The microstru...

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Main Authors: Liu Hui, Yu Lei, Wang Dayu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-03-01
Series:High Temperature Materials and Processes
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2024-0039
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author Liu Hui
Yu Lei
Wang Dayu
author_facet Liu Hui
Yu Lei
Wang Dayu
author_sort Liu Hui
collection DOAJ
description Resistance spot welding experiments of 304 stainless steel were performed in this study. Orthogonal test and analysis method were used to carry out the experiments and optimize process parameters based on their effects on tensile shear load and nugget diameter of the spot-welded joint. The microstructure and the defects of spot-welded joints were studied. The highest tensile shear load of joint was 9.529 kN produced at optimum parameters, i.e., electrode force of 3.5 kN, welding current of 6.5 kA, and welding time of eight cycles. Microstructure of the nugget of welded spot joint was columnar dendrite grains which contains austenite and δ-ferrite, and the microstructure of the HAZ region was coarse equiaxed grains of austenite that were induced by different heat inputs. The solidification cracks and shrinkage cavities were observed in resistance spot-welded joints which were produced at higher heat input. These defects seriously reduced the strength of spot-welded joint.
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spelling doaj-art-db890b80b65b4a2ba9fa93ff31078e212025-08-20T02:56:33ZengDe GruyterHigh Temperature Materials and Processes2191-03242025-03-01441pp. 38339010.1515/htmp-2024-0039Study on the parameters optimization and the microstructure of spot welding joints of 304 stainless steelLiu Hui0Yu Lei1Wang Dayu2School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, 130012, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, 130012, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, 130012, ChinaResistance spot welding experiments of 304 stainless steel were performed in this study. Orthogonal test and analysis method were used to carry out the experiments and optimize process parameters based on their effects on tensile shear load and nugget diameter of the spot-welded joint. The microstructure and the defects of spot-welded joints were studied. The highest tensile shear load of joint was 9.529 kN produced at optimum parameters, i.e., electrode force of 3.5 kN, welding current of 6.5 kA, and welding time of eight cycles. Microstructure of the nugget of welded spot joint was columnar dendrite grains which contains austenite and δ-ferrite, and the microstructure of the HAZ region was coarse equiaxed grains of austenite that were induced by different heat inputs. The solidification cracks and shrinkage cavities were observed in resistance spot-welded joints which were produced at higher heat input. These defects seriously reduced the strength of spot-welded joint.https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2024-0039resistance spot welding304 stainless steelorthogonal test methodmicrostructure
spellingShingle Liu Hui
Yu Lei
Wang Dayu
Study on the parameters optimization and the microstructure of spot welding joints of 304 stainless steel
High Temperature Materials and Processes
resistance spot welding
304 stainless steel
orthogonal test method
microstructure
title Study on the parameters optimization and the microstructure of spot welding joints of 304 stainless steel
title_full Study on the parameters optimization and the microstructure of spot welding joints of 304 stainless steel
title_fullStr Study on the parameters optimization and the microstructure of spot welding joints of 304 stainless steel
title_full_unstemmed Study on the parameters optimization and the microstructure of spot welding joints of 304 stainless steel
title_short Study on the parameters optimization and the microstructure of spot welding joints of 304 stainless steel
title_sort study on the parameters optimization and the microstructure of spot welding joints of 304 stainless steel
topic resistance spot welding
304 stainless steel
orthogonal test method
microstructure
url https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2024-0039
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AT wangdayu studyontheparametersoptimizationandthemicrostructureofspotweldingjointsof304stainlesssteel