A Heterogeneously Integrated 256-Element 5G Phased Array: Design, Assembly, Test
In this paper, we present the design, assembly, and test of a heterogeneously integrated dual-polarized 256-element 5G phased array covering 24<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math> </inline-formula>30 GHz. The design is based on a 64-element ante...
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| Format: | Article |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10806591/ |
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| author | Bodhisatwa Sadhu Arun Paidimarri Atom O. Watanabe Duixian Liu Xiaoxiong Gu Christian W. Baks Yujiro Tojo Yoshiharu Fujisaku Isabel De Sousa Yo Yamaguichi Ning Guan Alberto Valdes-Garcia |
| author_facet | Bodhisatwa Sadhu Arun Paidimarri Atom O. Watanabe Duixian Liu Xiaoxiong Gu Christian W. Baks Yujiro Tojo Yoshiharu Fujisaku Isabel De Sousa Yo Yamaguichi Ning Guan Alberto Valdes-Garcia |
| author_sort | Bodhisatwa Sadhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we present the design, assembly, and test of a heterogeneously integrated dual-polarized 256-element 5G phased array covering 24<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math> </inline-formula>30 GHz. The design is based on a 64-element antenna-in-package tile designed using an organic substrate. This work represents one of the earliest examples of a heterogeneously integrated mmWave phased array module where each tile uses chips in three different substrate technologies to perform beamforming, frequency conversion, filtering, combining/splitting, and supply decoupling functions. The paper discusses the several challenges and system trade-offs for 5G mmWave phased arrays and illustrates the advantages of heterogeneous integration at the antenna-in-package level. The paper also covers, in detail, several practical aspects of phased array module design that are not well-described in existing literature, such as power domain modeling, module assembly, antenna feedline design, polarization isolation, and tile spacing. To demonstrate the efficacy of our design choices and techniques, we present exhaustive <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 360^\circ$</tex-math> </inline-formula> over-the-air beam characterization of the phased array antenna module demonstrating beam scanning over <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 70^\circ$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and very low cross-polarization leakage in E-/H-planes in both polarizations and in both TX and RX modes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db5fc6b221c94aaf8e5b5ff56e4e060b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2692-8388 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
| spelling | doaj-art-db5fc6b221c94aaf8e5b5ff56e4e060b2025-01-30T00:04:43ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Microwaves2692-83882025-01-0151688310.1109/JMW.2024.349798210806591A Heterogeneously Integrated 256-Element 5G Phased Array: Design, Assembly, TestBodhisatwa Sadhu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5849-9006Arun Paidimarri1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0493-337XAtom O. Watanabe2Duixian Liu3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-3744Xiaoxiong Gu4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2430-0353Christian W. Baks5Yujiro Tojo6https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7946-6017Yoshiharu Fujisaku7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-4820Isabel De Sousa8Yo Yamaguichi9Ning Guan10Alberto Valdes-Garcia11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-7049IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USAIBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USAIBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USAIBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USAIBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USAIBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USAFujikura Ltd., Koto-ku, JapanFujikura Ltd., Koto-ku, JapanIBM, Bromont, QC, CanadaFujikura Ltd., Koto-ku, JapanFujikura Ltd., Koto-ku, JapanIBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USAIn this paper, we present the design, assembly, and test of a heterogeneously integrated dual-polarized 256-element 5G phased array covering 24<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math> </inline-formula>30 GHz. The design is based on a 64-element antenna-in-package tile designed using an organic substrate. This work represents one of the earliest examples of a heterogeneously integrated mmWave phased array module where each tile uses chips in three different substrate technologies to perform beamforming, frequency conversion, filtering, combining/splitting, and supply decoupling functions. The paper discusses the several challenges and system trade-offs for 5G mmWave phased arrays and illustrates the advantages of heterogeneous integration at the antenna-in-package level. The paper also covers, in detail, several practical aspects of phased array module design that are not well-described in existing literature, such as power domain modeling, module assembly, antenna feedline design, polarization isolation, and tile spacing. To demonstrate the efficacy of our design choices and techniques, we present exhaustive <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 360^\circ$</tex-math> </inline-formula> over-the-air beam characterization of the phased array antenna module demonstrating beam scanning over <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 70^\circ$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and very low cross-polarization leakage in E-/H-planes in both polarizations and in both TX and RX modes.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10806591/Phased array5Gdual-polarizationheterogeneous integrationSiGesilicon |
| spellingShingle | Bodhisatwa Sadhu Arun Paidimarri Atom O. Watanabe Duixian Liu Xiaoxiong Gu Christian W. Baks Yujiro Tojo Yoshiharu Fujisaku Isabel De Sousa Yo Yamaguichi Ning Guan Alberto Valdes-Garcia A Heterogeneously Integrated 256-Element 5G Phased Array: Design, Assembly, Test IEEE Journal of Microwaves Phased array 5G dual-polarization heterogeneous integration SiGe silicon |
| title | A Heterogeneously Integrated 256-Element 5G Phased Array: Design, Assembly, Test |
| title_full | A Heterogeneously Integrated 256-Element 5G Phased Array: Design, Assembly, Test |
| title_fullStr | A Heterogeneously Integrated 256-Element 5G Phased Array: Design, Assembly, Test |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Heterogeneously Integrated 256-Element 5G Phased Array: Design, Assembly, Test |
| title_short | A Heterogeneously Integrated 256-Element 5G Phased Array: Design, Assembly, Test |
| title_sort | heterogeneously integrated 256 element 5g phased array design assembly test |
| topic | Phased array 5G dual-polarization heterogeneous integration SiGe silicon |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10806591/ |
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