Virulence of Bacteria Causing Mastitis in Dairy Cows: A Literature Review
Bovine mastitis, a prevalent disease in dairy farms, exerts a profound negative influence on both the health and productivity of dairy cattle, leading to substantial economic losses for the dairy industry. The disease is associated with different bacterial agents, primarily Gram-positive cocci (e.g....
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/167 |
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| author | Xiaofang Tong Herman W. Barkema Diego B. Nobrega Chuang Xu Bo Han Chenyibo Zhang Jingyue Yang Xiaoping Li Jian Gao |
| author_facet | Xiaofang Tong Herman W. Barkema Diego B. Nobrega Chuang Xu Bo Han Chenyibo Zhang Jingyue Yang Xiaoping Li Jian Gao |
| author_sort | Xiaofang Tong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine mastitis, a prevalent disease in dairy farms, exerts a profound negative influence on both the health and productivity of dairy cattle, leading to substantial economic losses for the dairy industry. The disease is associated with different bacterial agents, primarily Gram-positive cocci (e.g., <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Streptococcus</i> spp.) and Gram-negative bacilli (e.g., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>). These pathogens induce mastitis through diverse mechanisms, intricately linked to the virulence factors they carry. Despite previous research on the virulence factors of mastitis-causing bacteria in dairy cattle, there remains a significant gap in our comprehensive understanding of these factors. To bridge these gaps, this manuscript reviews and compiles research on the virulence factors of these pathogens, focusing on their roles in mammary tissue infection, immune evasion, adherence to mammary epithelial cells, and invasion and colonization of the mammary gland. These processes are analyzed in depth to provide a comprehensive framework to promote a deeper understanding of dairy pathogenic bacteria and their pathogenic mechanisms and to provide new insights into the control of mastitis in dairy cattle. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db35455dacc54fc4848e2d631840e8b4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-db35455dacc54fc4848e2d631840e8b42025-01-24T13:42:54ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-01-0113116710.3390/microorganisms13010167Virulence of Bacteria Causing Mastitis in Dairy Cows: A Literature ReviewXiaofang Tong0Herman W. Barkema1Diego B. Nobrega2Chuang Xu3Bo Han4Chenyibo Zhang5Jingyue Yang6Xiaoping Li7Jian Gao8College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, CanadaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, CanadaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaBovine mastitis, a prevalent disease in dairy farms, exerts a profound negative influence on both the health and productivity of dairy cattle, leading to substantial economic losses for the dairy industry. The disease is associated with different bacterial agents, primarily Gram-positive cocci (e.g., <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Streptococcus</i> spp.) and Gram-negative bacilli (e.g., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>). These pathogens induce mastitis through diverse mechanisms, intricately linked to the virulence factors they carry. Despite previous research on the virulence factors of mastitis-causing bacteria in dairy cattle, there remains a significant gap in our comprehensive understanding of these factors. To bridge these gaps, this manuscript reviews and compiles research on the virulence factors of these pathogens, focusing on their roles in mammary tissue infection, immune evasion, adherence to mammary epithelial cells, and invasion and colonization of the mammary gland. These processes are analyzed in depth to provide a comprehensive framework to promote a deeper understanding of dairy pathogenic bacteria and their pathogenic mechanisms and to provide new insights into the control of mastitis in dairy cattle.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/167intramammary infectionvirulence propertiesmastitis pathogensbovine mastitisvirulence factor |
| spellingShingle | Xiaofang Tong Herman W. Barkema Diego B. Nobrega Chuang Xu Bo Han Chenyibo Zhang Jingyue Yang Xiaoping Li Jian Gao Virulence of Bacteria Causing Mastitis in Dairy Cows: A Literature Review Microorganisms intramammary infection virulence properties mastitis pathogens bovine mastitis virulence factor |
| title | Virulence of Bacteria Causing Mastitis in Dairy Cows: A Literature Review |
| title_full | Virulence of Bacteria Causing Mastitis in Dairy Cows: A Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Virulence of Bacteria Causing Mastitis in Dairy Cows: A Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virulence of Bacteria Causing Mastitis in Dairy Cows: A Literature Review |
| title_short | Virulence of Bacteria Causing Mastitis in Dairy Cows: A Literature Review |
| title_sort | virulence of bacteria causing mastitis in dairy cows a literature review |
| topic | intramammary infection virulence properties mastitis pathogens bovine mastitis virulence factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/167 |
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