Exosomes as Emerging Regulators of Immune Responses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Immune dysregulation-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation is a critical factor that poses a significant risk to the metaboli...

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Main Authors: Wei Zheng, Xin Ji, Qiao qiao Yin, Chensi Wu, Chengan Xu, Hongying Pan, Chun Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-01-01
Series:Journal of Diabetes Research
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3759339
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author Wei Zheng
Xin Ji
Qiao qiao Yin
Chensi Wu
Chengan Xu
Hongying Pan
Chun Wu
author_facet Wei Zheng
Xin Ji
Qiao qiao Yin
Chensi Wu
Chengan Xu
Hongying Pan
Chun Wu
author_sort Wei Zheng
collection DOAJ
description Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Immune dysregulation-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation is a critical factor that poses a significant risk to the metabolic disorders of T2DM and its related complications. Exosomes, as small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, have emerged as essential regulators of intercellular communication and immune regulation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of exosomes derived from immune and nonimmune cells in modulating immune responses in T2DM by regulating immune cell functions and cytokine production. More importantly, we suggest potential strategies for the clinical applications of exosomes in T2DM management, including biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring, exosome-based therapies for drug delivery vehicles, and targeted therapy for exosomes.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2314-6753
language English
publishDate 2024-01-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Journal of Diabetes Research
spelling doaj-art-db2de295610c46a5b9d36270a4cdaebf2025-08-20T03:24:21ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes Research2314-67532024-01-01202410.1155/2024/3759339Exosomes as Emerging Regulators of Immune Responses in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusWei Zheng0Xin Ji1Qiao qiao Yin2Chensi Wu3Chengan Xu4Hongying Pan5Chun Wu6Center for General Practice MedicineCenter for General Practice MedicineCenter for General Practice MedicineCenter for General Practice MedicineCenter for General Practice MedicineCenter for General Practice MedicineDepartment of EndocrinologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Immune dysregulation-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation is a critical factor that poses a significant risk to the metabolic disorders of T2DM and its related complications. Exosomes, as small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, have emerged as essential regulators of intercellular communication and immune regulation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of exosomes derived from immune and nonimmune cells in modulating immune responses in T2DM by regulating immune cell functions and cytokine production. More importantly, we suggest potential strategies for the clinical applications of exosomes in T2DM management, including biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring, exosome-based therapies for drug delivery vehicles, and targeted therapy for exosomes.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3759339
spellingShingle Wei Zheng
Xin Ji
Qiao qiao Yin
Chensi Wu
Chengan Xu
Hongying Pan
Chun Wu
Exosomes as Emerging Regulators of Immune Responses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Journal of Diabetes Research
title Exosomes as Emerging Regulators of Immune Responses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_full Exosomes as Emerging Regulators of Immune Responses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_fullStr Exosomes as Emerging Regulators of Immune Responses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Exosomes as Emerging Regulators of Immune Responses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_short Exosomes as Emerging Regulators of Immune Responses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
title_sort exosomes as emerging regulators of immune responses in type 2 diabetes mellitus
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3759339
work_keys_str_mv AT weizheng exosomesasemergingregulatorsofimmuneresponsesintype2diabetesmellitus
AT xinji exosomesasemergingregulatorsofimmuneresponsesintype2diabetesmellitus
AT qiaoqiaoyin exosomesasemergingregulatorsofimmuneresponsesintype2diabetesmellitus
AT chensiwu exosomesasemergingregulatorsofimmuneresponsesintype2diabetesmellitus
AT chenganxu exosomesasemergingregulatorsofimmuneresponsesintype2diabetesmellitus
AT hongyingpan exosomesasemergingregulatorsofimmuneresponsesintype2diabetesmellitus
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