Vitamin B6 status, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis: evidence from the NHANES database 2009–2010

Abstract Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that seriously affects the quality of patients’ life. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the independent risk factor of periodontitis. The association between vitamin B6 with several inflammatory diseases have been reported in previous studi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jiang Zhu, Wushuang Xu, Senbin Wu, Donghui Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05597-z
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850045796057088000
author Jiang Zhu
Wushuang Xu
Senbin Wu
Donghui Song
author_facet Jiang Zhu
Wushuang Xu
Senbin Wu
Donghui Song
author_sort Jiang Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that seriously affects the quality of patients’ life. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the independent risk factor of periodontitis. The association between vitamin B6 with several inflammatory diseases have been reported in previous studies. However, the effect of vitamin B6 on the association of T2DM and periodontitis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of vitamin B6 [evaluated by serum pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP)] on the association of T2DM and periodontitis in American population. Methods Data of this cross-sectional study were extracted from the National Health and Nutrients Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010. Serum PLP level was the indicator of vitamin B6 status in vivo and measured by enzymatic assay. Covariates included demographic information, physical examination, lifestyle characteristics, laboratory parameters and complications. The weighted univariate and multivariate logistics regression models were conducted to explore the association of PLP, T2DM and periodontitis, with the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were further performed to explore these associations based on age, body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dental decay. Results Finally, 3,491 eligible adults with the information of periodontitis measurement, T2DM diagnosis and PLP detection were included. Among them, 1,999 (57.26%) had periodontitis. After adjusted confounders, we found adults with T2DM had high odds of periodontitis (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.04–2.02); while no significant association between PLP and periodontitis was observed. Adults with low PLP level (< 67.20 nmol/L) and combined with T2DM had high odds of periodontitis (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.29–2.55), no significant association was found between T2DM and periodontitis in adults with high PLP level (≥ 67.20 nmol/L). These results suggested that serum PLP levels may have the modulatory effect on the association of T2DM and periodontitis. This modulatory effect remains robust in subgroup analysis, especially in adults aged ≥ 60 years (OR = 4.54, 95%CI: 2.15–9.62), with obese (OR = 3.06, 95%CI: 1.31–7.18), without the history of CVD (OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.06–4.79) and without dental decay (OR = 2.93, 95%CI: 1.51–5.68) (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Our study suggested that adults with T2DM had the high odds of periodontitis, and serum PLP may plays a modulatory effect in this association. T2DM patients maintaining a higher intake of vitamin B6 may have potential benefits in reducing the periodontitis risk.
format Article
id doaj-art-db1e268d0d8048ad8c8b7c6880d0d9bf
institution DOAJ
issn 1472-6831
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Oral Health
spelling doaj-art-db1e268d0d8048ad8c8b7c6880d0d9bf2025-08-20T02:54:36ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-02-0125111010.1186/s12903-025-05597-zVitamin B6 status, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis: evidence from the NHANES database 2009–2010Jiang Zhu0Wushuang Xu1Senbin Wu2Donghui Song3Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityDepartment of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityDepartment of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityDepartment of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityAbstract Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that seriously affects the quality of patients’ life. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the independent risk factor of periodontitis. The association between vitamin B6 with several inflammatory diseases have been reported in previous studies. However, the effect of vitamin B6 on the association of T2DM and periodontitis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of vitamin B6 [evaluated by serum pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP)] on the association of T2DM and periodontitis in American population. Methods Data of this cross-sectional study were extracted from the National Health and Nutrients Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010. Serum PLP level was the indicator of vitamin B6 status in vivo and measured by enzymatic assay. Covariates included demographic information, physical examination, lifestyle characteristics, laboratory parameters and complications. The weighted univariate and multivariate logistics regression models were conducted to explore the association of PLP, T2DM and periodontitis, with the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were further performed to explore these associations based on age, body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dental decay. Results Finally, 3,491 eligible adults with the information of periodontitis measurement, T2DM diagnosis and PLP detection were included. Among them, 1,999 (57.26%) had periodontitis. After adjusted confounders, we found adults with T2DM had high odds of periodontitis (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.04–2.02); while no significant association between PLP and periodontitis was observed. Adults with low PLP level (< 67.20 nmol/L) and combined with T2DM had high odds of periodontitis (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.29–2.55), no significant association was found between T2DM and periodontitis in adults with high PLP level (≥ 67.20 nmol/L). These results suggested that serum PLP levels may have the modulatory effect on the association of T2DM and periodontitis. This modulatory effect remains robust in subgroup analysis, especially in adults aged ≥ 60 years (OR = 4.54, 95%CI: 2.15–9.62), with obese (OR = 3.06, 95%CI: 1.31–7.18), without the history of CVD (OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.06–4.79) and without dental decay (OR = 2.93, 95%CI: 1.51–5.68) (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Our study suggested that adults with T2DM had the high odds of periodontitis, and serum PLP may plays a modulatory effect in this association. T2DM patients maintaining a higher intake of vitamin B6 may have potential benefits in reducing the periodontitis risk.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05597-zVitamin B6Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)PeriodontitisNational health and nutrition examination surveys (NHANES) database
spellingShingle Jiang Zhu
Wushuang Xu
Senbin Wu
Donghui Song
Vitamin B6 status, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis: evidence from the NHANES database 2009–2010
BMC Oral Health
Vitamin B6
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Periodontitis
National health and nutrition examination surveys (NHANES) database
title Vitamin B6 status, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis: evidence from the NHANES database 2009–2010
title_full Vitamin B6 status, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis: evidence from the NHANES database 2009–2010
title_fullStr Vitamin B6 status, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis: evidence from the NHANES database 2009–2010
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin B6 status, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis: evidence from the NHANES database 2009–2010
title_short Vitamin B6 status, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis: evidence from the NHANES database 2009–2010
title_sort vitamin b6 status type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis evidence from the nhanes database 2009 2010
topic Vitamin B6
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Periodontitis
National health and nutrition examination surveys (NHANES) database
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05597-z
work_keys_str_mv AT jiangzhu vitaminb6statustype2diabetesmellitusandperiodontitisevidencefromthenhanesdatabase20092010
AT wushuangxu vitaminb6statustype2diabetesmellitusandperiodontitisevidencefromthenhanesdatabase20092010
AT senbinwu vitaminb6statustype2diabetesmellitusandperiodontitisevidencefromthenhanesdatabase20092010
AT donghuisong vitaminb6statustype2diabetesmellitusandperiodontitisevidencefromthenhanesdatabase20092010