The Effectiveness of Varying Combination Ratios of A. cordifolia and M. indica against Field and Laboratory Strains of P. falciparum In Vitro

Background. Drug resistance in malaria is a global problem, with reports of Plasmodium parasites resistant to the current first-line antimalarial drug, artemisinin, expanding from Southeast Asia to Africa. There is therefore an urgent need to identify new drug candidates that will be effective again...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yakubu Jibira, Elizabeth Cudjoe, Frederick M. Tei-Maya, Benjamin Ayensu, Linda E. Amoah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-01-01
Series:Journal of Parasitology Research
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8836771
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1832563388309307392
author Yakubu Jibira
Elizabeth Cudjoe
Frederick M. Tei-Maya
Benjamin Ayensu
Linda E. Amoah
author_facet Yakubu Jibira
Elizabeth Cudjoe
Frederick M. Tei-Maya
Benjamin Ayensu
Linda E. Amoah
author_sort Yakubu Jibira
collection DOAJ
description Background. Drug resistance in malaria is a global problem, with reports of Plasmodium parasites resistant to the current first-line antimalarial drug, artemisinin, expanding from Southeast Asia to Africa. There is therefore an urgent need to identify new drug candidates that will be effective against the existing malaria parasites. Drug combination therapy presents a myriad of advantages over monotherapy including delayed onset of resistance, potentiation, and synergism. This present study explored the effectiveness of combinations of aqueous extracts of Alchornea cordifolia (A. cordifolia) and Mangifera indica (M. indica) at clearing both laboratory and field isolates of P. falciparum. Methods. Synchronized ring stage cultures of field (FA08) and laboratory strains (NF54 and CamWT_C580Y) of P. falciparum were subjected to combinations of different concentrations and ratios of aqueous extracts of A. cordifolia and M. indica. The growth inhibition of the individual plant extracts and their combinatory effects were studied in vitro using SYBR Green I drug assay. Results. The A. cordifolia extract exhibited 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.71, 7.80, and 3.56 μg/mL against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 parasite strains, respectively. Mangifera indica exhibited IC50 of 18.11, 20.08, and 10.23 μg/mL against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 parasite strains, respectively. Additive, synergistic and antagonistic interactions were observed at different combinations of A. cordifolia and M. indica extracts. Conclusion. A combination product containing A. cordifolia and M. indica has the potential to serve as an effective antimalarial as majority of the tested combinations of aqueous extracts of A. cordifolia and M. indica extracts exhibited synergistic effects in vitro against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 P. falciparum strains.
format Article
id doaj-art-db1510486ace46ba9da1affbd066acbf
institution Kabale University
issn 2090-0023
2090-0031
language English
publishDate 2020-01-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Journal of Parasitology Research
spelling doaj-art-db1510486ace46ba9da1affbd066acbf2025-02-03T01:20:20ZengWileyJournal of Parasitology Research2090-00232090-00312020-01-01202010.1155/2020/88367718836771The Effectiveness of Varying Combination Ratios of A. cordifolia and M. indica against Field and Laboratory Strains of P. falciparum In VitroYakubu Jibira0Elizabeth Cudjoe1Frederick M. Tei-Maya2Benjamin Ayensu3Linda E. Amoah4Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, GhanaDepartment of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, GhanaImmunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, GhanaImmunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, GhanaBackground. Drug resistance in malaria is a global problem, with reports of Plasmodium parasites resistant to the current first-line antimalarial drug, artemisinin, expanding from Southeast Asia to Africa. There is therefore an urgent need to identify new drug candidates that will be effective against the existing malaria parasites. Drug combination therapy presents a myriad of advantages over monotherapy including delayed onset of resistance, potentiation, and synergism. This present study explored the effectiveness of combinations of aqueous extracts of Alchornea cordifolia (A. cordifolia) and Mangifera indica (M. indica) at clearing both laboratory and field isolates of P. falciparum. Methods. Synchronized ring stage cultures of field (FA08) and laboratory strains (NF54 and CamWT_C580Y) of P. falciparum were subjected to combinations of different concentrations and ratios of aqueous extracts of A. cordifolia and M. indica. The growth inhibition of the individual plant extracts and their combinatory effects were studied in vitro using SYBR Green I drug assay. Results. The A. cordifolia extract exhibited 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.71, 7.80, and 3.56 μg/mL against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 parasite strains, respectively. Mangifera indica exhibited IC50 of 18.11, 20.08, and 10.23 μg/mL against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 parasite strains, respectively. Additive, synergistic and antagonistic interactions were observed at different combinations of A. cordifolia and M. indica extracts. Conclusion. A combination product containing A. cordifolia and M. indica has the potential to serve as an effective antimalarial as majority of the tested combinations of aqueous extracts of A. cordifolia and M. indica extracts exhibited synergistic effects in vitro against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 P. falciparum strains.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8836771
spellingShingle Yakubu Jibira
Elizabeth Cudjoe
Frederick M. Tei-Maya
Benjamin Ayensu
Linda E. Amoah
The Effectiveness of Varying Combination Ratios of A. cordifolia and M. indica against Field and Laboratory Strains of P. falciparum In Vitro
Journal of Parasitology Research
title The Effectiveness of Varying Combination Ratios of A. cordifolia and M. indica against Field and Laboratory Strains of P. falciparum In Vitro
title_full The Effectiveness of Varying Combination Ratios of A. cordifolia and M. indica against Field and Laboratory Strains of P. falciparum In Vitro
title_fullStr The Effectiveness of Varying Combination Ratios of A. cordifolia and M. indica against Field and Laboratory Strains of P. falciparum In Vitro
title_full_unstemmed The Effectiveness of Varying Combination Ratios of A. cordifolia and M. indica against Field and Laboratory Strains of P. falciparum In Vitro
title_short The Effectiveness of Varying Combination Ratios of A. cordifolia and M. indica against Field and Laboratory Strains of P. falciparum In Vitro
title_sort effectiveness of varying combination ratios of a cordifolia and m indica against field and laboratory strains of p falciparum in vitro
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8836771
work_keys_str_mv AT yakubujibira theeffectivenessofvaryingcombinationratiosofacordifoliaandmindicaagainstfieldandlaboratorystrainsofpfalciparuminvitro
AT elizabethcudjoe theeffectivenessofvaryingcombinationratiosofacordifoliaandmindicaagainstfieldandlaboratorystrainsofpfalciparuminvitro
AT frederickmteimaya theeffectivenessofvaryingcombinationratiosofacordifoliaandmindicaagainstfieldandlaboratorystrainsofpfalciparuminvitro
AT benjaminayensu theeffectivenessofvaryingcombinationratiosofacordifoliaandmindicaagainstfieldandlaboratorystrainsofpfalciparuminvitro
AT lindaeamoah theeffectivenessofvaryingcombinationratiosofacordifoliaandmindicaagainstfieldandlaboratorystrainsofpfalciparuminvitro
AT yakubujibira effectivenessofvaryingcombinationratiosofacordifoliaandmindicaagainstfieldandlaboratorystrainsofpfalciparuminvitro
AT elizabethcudjoe effectivenessofvaryingcombinationratiosofacordifoliaandmindicaagainstfieldandlaboratorystrainsofpfalciparuminvitro
AT frederickmteimaya effectivenessofvaryingcombinationratiosofacordifoliaandmindicaagainstfieldandlaboratorystrainsofpfalciparuminvitro
AT benjaminayensu effectivenessofvaryingcombinationratiosofacordifoliaandmindicaagainstfieldandlaboratorystrainsofpfalciparuminvitro
AT lindaeamoah effectivenessofvaryingcombinationratiosofacordifoliaandmindicaagainstfieldandlaboratorystrainsofpfalciparuminvitro