Basic Characteristics of Ionic Liquid-Gated Graphene FET Sensors for Nitrogen Cycle Monitoring in Agricultural Soil
Nitrogen-based fertilizers are crucial in agriculture for maintaining soil health and increasing crop yields. Soil microorganisms transform nitrogen from fertilizers into <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics&g...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Naoki Shiraishi Jian Lu Fatin Bazilah Fauzi Ryo Imaizumi Toyohiro Tsukahara Satoshi Mogari Shosuke Iida Yusuke Matsukura Satoshi Teramoto Keisuke Yokoi Izumi Ichinose Mutsumi Kimura |
| author_facet | Naoki Shiraishi Jian Lu Fatin Bazilah Fauzi Ryo Imaizumi Toyohiro Tsukahara Satoshi Mogari Shosuke Iida Yusuke Matsukura Satoshi Teramoto Keisuke Yokoi Izumi Ichinose Mutsumi Kimura |
| author_sort | Naoki Shiraishi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitrogen-based fertilizers are crucial in agriculture for maintaining soil health and increasing crop yields. Soil microorganisms transform nitrogen from fertilizers into <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>–N, which is absorbed by crops. However, some nitrogen is converted to nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), a greenhouse gas with a warming potential about 300-times greater than carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Agricultural activities are the main source of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Monitoring N<sub>2</sub>O can enhance soil health and optimize nitrogen fertilizer use, thereby supporting precision agriculture. To achieve this, we developed ionic liquid-gated graphene field-effect transistor (FET) sensors to measure N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations in agricultural soil. We first fabricated and tested the electrical characteristics of the sensors. Then, we analyzed their transfer characteristics in our developed N<sub>2</sub>O evaluation system using different concentrations of N<sub>2</sub>O and air. The sensors demonstrated a negative shift in transfer characteristic curves when exposed to N<sub>2</sub>O, with a Dirac point voltage difference of 0.02 V between 1 and 10 ppm N<sub>2</sub>O diluted with pure air. These results demonstrate that the ionic liquid-gated graphene FET sensor is a promising device for N<sub>2</sub>O detection for agricultural soil applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dacd7d759d8b45f08f9ae3e4fbd72fc9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-dacd7d759d8b45f08f9ae3e4fbd72fc92025-01-24T13:25:34ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-01-011515510.3390/bios15010055Basic Characteristics of Ionic Liquid-Gated Graphene FET Sensors for Nitrogen Cycle Monitoring in Agricultural SoilNaoki Shiraishi0Jian Lu1Fatin Bazilah Fauzi2Ryo Imaizumi3Toyohiro Tsukahara4Satoshi Mogari5Shosuke Iida6Yusuke Matsukura7Satoshi Teramoto8Keisuke Yokoi9Izumi Ichinose10Mutsumi Kimura11National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8517, Ibaraki, JapanNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-8564, Ibaraki, JapanNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8517, Ibaraki, JapanDepartment of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Nagano, JapanNiterra Co., Ltd., 2808 Iwasaki, Komaki 485-8510, Aichi, JapanNiterra Co., Ltd., 2808 Iwasaki, Komaki 485-8510, Aichi, JapanNiterra Co., Ltd., 2808 Iwasaki, Komaki 485-8510, Aichi, JapanNiterra Co., Ltd., 2808 Iwasaki, Komaki 485-8510, Aichi, JapanNiterra Co., Ltd., 2808 Iwasaki, Komaki 485-8510, Aichi, JapanNiterra Co., Ltd., 2808 Iwasaki, Komaki 485-8510, Aichi, JapanNational Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, JapanDepartment of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Nagano, JapanNitrogen-based fertilizers are crucial in agriculture for maintaining soil health and increasing crop yields. Soil microorganisms transform nitrogen from fertilizers into <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>–N, which is absorbed by crops. However, some nitrogen is converted to nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), a greenhouse gas with a warming potential about 300-times greater than carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Agricultural activities are the main source of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Monitoring N<sub>2</sub>O can enhance soil health and optimize nitrogen fertilizer use, thereby supporting precision agriculture. To achieve this, we developed ionic liquid-gated graphene field-effect transistor (FET) sensors to measure N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations in agricultural soil. We first fabricated and tested the electrical characteristics of the sensors. Then, we analyzed their transfer characteristics in our developed N<sub>2</sub>O evaluation system using different concentrations of N<sub>2</sub>O and air. The sensors demonstrated a negative shift in transfer characteristic curves when exposed to N<sub>2</sub>O, with a Dirac point voltage difference of 0.02 V between 1 and 10 ppm N<sub>2</sub>O diluted with pure air. These results demonstrate that the ionic liquid-gated graphene FET sensor is a promising device for N<sub>2</sub>O detection for agricultural soil applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/55ionic liquidgraphene FETnitrogen cycle monitoringN<sub>2</sub>Oagricultural soil |
| spellingShingle | Naoki Shiraishi Jian Lu Fatin Bazilah Fauzi Ryo Imaizumi Toyohiro Tsukahara Satoshi Mogari Shosuke Iida Yusuke Matsukura Satoshi Teramoto Keisuke Yokoi Izumi Ichinose Mutsumi Kimura Basic Characteristics of Ionic Liquid-Gated Graphene FET Sensors for Nitrogen Cycle Monitoring in Agricultural Soil Biosensors ionic liquid graphene FET nitrogen cycle monitoring N<sub>2</sub>O agricultural soil |
| title | Basic Characteristics of Ionic Liquid-Gated Graphene FET Sensors for Nitrogen Cycle Monitoring in Agricultural Soil |
| title_full | Basic Characteristics of Ionic Liquid-Gated Graphene FET Sensors for Nitrogen Cycle Monitoring in Agricultural Soil |
| title_fullStr | Basic Characteristics of Ionic Liquid-Gated Graphene FET Sensors for Nitrogen Cycle Monitoring in Agricultural Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Basic Characteristics of Ionic Liquid-Gated Graphene FET Sensors for Nitrogen Cycle Monitoring in Agricultural Soil |
| title_short | Basic Characteristics of Ionic Liquid-Gated Graphene FET Sensors for Nitrogen Cycle Monitoring in Agricultural Soil |
| title_sort | basic characteristics of ionic liquid gated graphene fet sensors for nitrogen cycle monitoring in agricultural soil |
| topic | ionic liquid graphene FET nitrogen cycle monitoring N<sub>2</sub>O agricultural soil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/55 |
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