The Role of Activation of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Axis in the Pathogenesis of Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Literature Review

Introduction: Acute cerebrovascular disorders are a major contributor to adult disability. The underlying processes that contribute to their development include inflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway, which is essential for neuronal sur...

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Main Authors: Marina Grigolashvili, Alina Seryogina, Mira Beisembayeva, Shynar Muratbekova, Ivan Turkevich, Yelena Shayakhmetova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: National Scientific Medical Center 2025-02-01
Series:Ķazaķstannyṇ Klinikalyķ Medicinasy
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Online Access:https://www.clinmedkaz.org/download/the-role-of-activation-of-the-tryptophan-kynurenine-axis-in-the-pathogenesis-of-acute-15943.pdf
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author Marina Grigolashvili
Alina Seryogina
Mira Beisembayeva
Shynar Muratbekova
Ivan Turkevich
Yelena Shayakhmetova
author_facet Marina Grigolashvili
Alina Seryogina
Mira Beisembayeva
Shynar Muratbekova
Ivan Turkevich
Yelena Shayakhmetova
author_sort Marina Grigolashvili
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Acute cerebrovascular disorders are a major contributor to adult disability. The underlying processes that contribute to their development include inflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway, which is essential for neuronal survival. However, the precise mechanisms and significance of these processes are not fully comprehended, and their influence on the efficacy of therapeutic approaches remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway in the development of stroke and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Results and Conclusions: Tryptophan metabolism primarily occurs through the kynurenine pathway. Among its metabolites, kynurenine, kynurenic and choline acids are the most significant. Them have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects. Activation of the kynurenine pathway is linked to chronic inflammation, increasing the risk of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative conditions. Kynurenic and choline acids regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and oxidative stress. The increased production of choline and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid due to oxidative stress is a major mechanism of neuronal damage under ischemic. The regulation of the balance between the neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties of metabolites produced by the kynurenine pathway is essential for normal brain function.
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spelling doaj-art-da5f7a5ab4e144cd8e9a3704e660e5992025-08-20T02:54:43ZengNational Scientific Medical CenterĶazaķstannyṇ Klinikalyķ Medicinasy1812-28922313-15192025-02-01221212710.23950/jcmk/15943The Role of Activation of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Axis in the Pathogenesis of Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Literature ReviewMarina Grigolashvili0Alina Seryogina1Mira Beisembayeva2Shynar Muratbekova3Ivan Turkevich4Yelena Shayakhmetova5Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, KazakhstanDepartment of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, KazakhstanDepartment of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, KazakhstanDepartment of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan«Akzhan» Limited Liability Partnership, Karaganda, KazakhstanDepartment of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, KazakhstanIntroduction: Acute cerebrovascular disorders are a major contributor to adult disability. The underlying processes that contribute to their development include inflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway, which is essential for neuronal survival. However, the precise mechanisms and significance of these processes are not fully comprehended, and their influence on the efficacy of therapeutic approaches remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway in the development of stroke and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Results and Conclusions: Tryptophan metabolism primarily occurs through the kynurenine pathway. Among its metabolites, kynurenine, kynurenic and choline acids are the most significant. Them have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects. Activation of the kynurenine pathway is linked to chronic inflammation, increasing the risk of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative conditions. Kynurenic and choline acids regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and oxidative stress. The increased production of choline and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid due to oxidative stress is a major mechanism of neuronal damage under ischemic. The regulation of the balance between the neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties of metabolites produced by the kynurenine pathway is essential for normal brain function.https://www.clinmedkaz.org/download/the-role-of-activation-of-the-tryptophan-kynurenine-axis-in-the-pathogenesis-of-acute-15943.pdfCerebrovascular DisordersKynurenineTryptophanInflammationOxidative StressNMDA Receptors.
spellingShingle Marina Grigolashvili
Alina Seryogina
Mira Beisembayeva
Shynar Muratbekova
Ivan Turkevich
Yelena Shayakhmetova
The Role of Activation of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Axis in the Pathogenesis of Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Literature Review
Ķazaķstannyṇ Klinikalyķ Medicinasy
Cerebrovascular Disorders
Kynurenine
Tryptophan
Inflammation
Oxidative Stress
NMDA Receptors.
title The Role of Activation of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Axis in the Pathogenesis of Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Literature Review
title_full The Role of Activation of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Axis in the Pathogenesis of Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Literature Review
title_fullStr The Role of Activation of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Axis in the Pathogenesis of Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Activation of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Axis in the Pathogenesis of Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Literature Review
title_short The Role of Activation of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Axis in the Pathogenesis of Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Literature Review
title_sort role of activation of the tryptophan kynurenine axis in the pathogenesis of acute cerebrovascular diseases a literature review
topic Cerebrovascular Disorders
Kynurenine
Tryptophan
Inflammation
Oxidative Stress
NMDA Receptors.
url https://www.clinmedkaz.org/download/the-role-of-activation-of-the-tryptophan-kynurenine-axis-in-the-pathogenesis-of-acute-15943.pdf
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