The Metabolome Characteristics of Aerobic Endurance Development in Adolescent Male Rowers Using Polarized and Threshold Model: An Original Research
Objective: This study aimed to explore the molecular response mechanisms of differential blood metabolites before and after 8 weeks of threshold and polarized training models using metabolomics technology combined with changes in athletic performance. Methods: Twenty-four male rowers aged 14–16 were...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Fanming Kong Miaomiao Zhu Xinliang Pan Li Zhao Sanjun Yang Jinyuan Zhuo Cheng Peng Dongkai Li Jing Mi |
| author_facet | Fanming Kong Miaomiao Zhu Xinliang Pan Li Zhao Sanjun Yang Jinyuan Zhuo Cheng Peng Dongkai Li Jing Mi |
| author_sort | Fanming Kong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: This study aimed to explore the molecular response mechanisms of differential blood metabolites before and after 8 weeks of threshold and polarized training models using metabolomics technology combined with changes in athletic performance. Methods: Twenty-four male rowers aged 14–16 were randomly divided into a THR group and a POL group (12 participants each). The THR group followed a threshold training model (72%, 24%, and 4% of training time in low-, moderate-, and high-intensity zones, respectively), while the POL group followed a polarized training model (78%, 8%, and 14% training-intensity distribution). Both groups underwent an 8-week training program. Aerobic endurance changes were assessed using a 2 km maximal rowing performance test, and untargeted metabolome analysis was conducted to examine blood metabolomic changes before and after the different training interventions. Aerobic endurance changes were assessed through a 2 km maximal rowing test. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis was employed to evaluate changes in blood metabolome profiles before and after the different training interventions. Results: After 8 weeks of training, both the THR and POL groups exhibited significant improvements in 2 km maximal rowing performance (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with no significant differences between the groups. The THR and POL groups had 46 shared differential metabolites before and after the intervention, primarily enriched in sphingolipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathways. Nine unique differential metabolites were identified in the THR group, mainly enriched in pyruvate metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. A total of 14 unique differential metabolites were identified in the POL group, predominantly enriched in sphingolipid metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. Conclusions: The 8-week THR and POL training models demonstrated similar effects on enhancing aerobic performance in adolescent male rowers, indicating that both training modalities share similar blood metabolic mechanisms for improving aerobic endurance. Furthermore, both the THR group and the POL group exhibited numerous shared metabolites and some differential metabolites, suggesting that the two endurance training models share common pathways but also have distinct aspects in enhancing aerobic endurance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-da3459e4140a49c79675ba38b74e61ea |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj-art-da3459e4140a49c79675ba38b74e61ea2025-01-24T13:41:10ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892025-01-011511710.3390/metabo15010017The Metabolome Characteristics of Aerobic Endurance Development in Adolescent Male Rowers Using Polarized and Threshold Model: An Original ResearchFanming Kong0Miaomiao Zhu1Xinliang Pan2Li Zhao3Sanjun Yang4Jinyuan Zhuo5Cheng Peng6Dongkai Li7Jing Mi8Sports Teaching and Research Department, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaLiaocheng No. 1 Experimental School, Liaocheng 252001, ChinaSchool of Physical Education, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaSport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSports Teaching and Research Department, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaPhysical Education Department, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, ChinaSport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSports Teaching and Research Department, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, ChinaObjective: This study aimed to explore the molecular response mechanisms of differential blood metabolites before and after 8 weeks of threshold and polarized training models using metabolomics technology combined with changes in athletic performance. Methods: Twenty-four male rowers aged 14–16 were randomly divided into a THR group and a POL group (12 participants each). The THR group followed a threshold training model (72%, 24%, and 4% of training time in low-, moderate-, and high-intensity zones, respectively), while the POL group followed a polarized training model (78%, 8%, and 14% training-intensity distribution). Both groups underwent an 8-week training program. Aerobic endurance changes were assessed using a 2 km maximal rowing performance test, and untargeted metabolome analysis was conducted to examine blood metabolomic changes before and after the different training interventions. Aerobic endurance changes were assessed through a 2 km maximal rowing test. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis was employed to evaluate changes in blood metabolome profiles before and after the different training interventions. Results: After 8 weeks of training, both the THR and POL groups exhibited significant improvements in 2 km maximal rowing performance (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with no significant differences between the groups. The THR and POL groups had 46 shared differential metabolites before and after the intervention, primarily enriched in sphingolipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathways. Nine unique differential metabolites were identified in the THR group, mainly enriched in pyruvate metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. A total of 14 unique differential metabolites were identified in the POL group, predominantly enriched in sphingolipid metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. Conclusions: The 8-week THR and POL training models demonstrated similar effects on enhancing aerobic performance in adolescent male rowers, indicating that both training modalities share similar blood metabolic mechanisms for improving aerobic endurance. Furthermore, both the THR group and the POL group exhibited numerous shared metabolites and some differential metabolites, suggesting that the two endurance training models share common pathways but also have distinct aspects in enhancing aerobic endurance.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/1/17aerobic endurancepolarized training modelthreshold training modelrowingmetabolomics |
| spellingShingle | Fanming Kong Miaomiao Zhu Xinliang Pan Li Zhao Sanjun Yang Jinyuan Zhuo Cheng Peng Dongkai Li Jing Mi The Metabolome Characteristics of Aerobic Endurance Development in Adolescent Male Rowers Using Polarized and Threshold Model: An Original Research Metabolites aerobic endurance polarized training model threshold training model rowing metabolomics |
| title | The Metabolome Characteristics of Aerobic Endurance Development in Adolescent Male Rowers Using Polarized and Threshold Model: An Original Research |
| title_full | The Metabolome Characteristics of Aerobic Endurance Development in Adolescent Male Rowers Using Polarized and Threshold Model: An Original Research |
| title_fullStr | The Metabolome Characteristics of Aerobic Endurance Development in Adolescent Male Rowers Using Polarized and Threshold Model: An Original Research |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Metabolome Characteristics of Aerobic Endurance Development in Adolescent Male Rowers Using Polarized and Threshold Model: An Original Research |
| title_short | The Metabolome Characteristics of Aerobic Endurance Development in Adolescent Male Rowers Using Polarized and Threshold Model: An Original Research |
| title_sort | metabolome characteristics of aerobic endurance development in adolescent male rowers using polarized and threshold model an original research |
| topic | aerobic endurance polarized training model threshold training model rowing metabolomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/1/17 |
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