Evaluation of the efficiency of smear layer removal during endodontic treatment using scanning electron microscopy: an in vitro study
Abstract Background The smear layer formed during root canal instrumentation negatively affects root canal irrigation activity, which in turn can affect the treatment prognosis of endodontic treatment. Aim The aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of smear layer and debris removal in root c...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05510-8 |
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| author | Svetlana Razumova Anzhela Brago Anzhelika Kryuchkova Vasiliy Troitskiy Ruzanna Bragunova Haydar Barakat |
| author_facet | Svetlana Razumova Anzhela Brago Anzhelika Kryuchkova Vasiliy Troitskiy Ruzanna Bragunova Haydar Barakat |
| author_sort | Svetlana Razumova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The smear layer formed during root canal instrumentation negatively affects root canal irrigation activity, which in turn can affect the treatment prognosis of endodontic treatment. Aim The aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of smear layer and debris removal in root canals using different irrigation protocols using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods The quality of smear layer removal throughout the root canal was assessed in 30 intact extracted teeth divided into 3 groups according to the irrigation protocol: Group 1: 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) alternately with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acetate (EDTA) was used. Group 2: 3% NaOCL alternately with 9% etidronate solution diluted with distilled water and Group 3: 9% etidronate solution diluted in 3% NaOCL. The quality of smear layer removal was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the protocols of irrigations. Results The study showed significant differences in the quality of smear layer removal in the apical part of the root canal. The best results were obtained in the groups using 9% etidronate and 9% etidronate solution diluted in 3% sodium hypochlorite. Conducting a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of removing the smear layer using 3% NaOCL + 17% EDTA, 3% NaOCL + 9% etidronic acid diluted with distilled water, 3% NaOCL + 9% etidronic acid diluted with 3% hypochlorite showed greater effectiveness of protocols using etidronate. When comparing statistical data, protocols using etidronate were 4 times more effective than EDTA. Conclusion The smear layer formed during mechanical treatment of the root canal was better removed during irrigation with etidronate solution. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-da27a5b5ac7a43a882b3b37699ba64fb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-da27a5b5ac7a43a882b3b37699ba64fb2025-02-02T12:45:28ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-01-012511810.1186/s12903-025-05510-8Evaluation of the efficiency of smear layer removal during endodontic treatment using scanning electron microscopy: an in vitro studySvetlana Razumova0Anzhela Brago1Anzhelika Kryuchkova2Vasiliy Troitskiy3Ruzanna Bragunova4Haydar Barakat5Department of Propedeutics of Dental Diseases, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Department of Propedeutics of Dental Diseases, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Department of Propedeutics of Dental Diseases, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Department of Propedeutics of Dental Diseases, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Department of Dental Science, Damascus UniversityAbstract Background The smear layer formed during root canal instrumentation negatively affects root canal irrigation activity, which in turn can affect the treatment prognosis of endodontic treatment. Aim The aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of smear layer and debris removal in root canals using different irrigation protocols using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods The quality of smear layer removal throughout the root canal was assessed in 30 intact extracted teeth divided into 3 groups according to the irrigation protocol: Group 1: 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) alternately with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acetate (EDTA) was used. Group 2: 3% NaOCL alternately with 9% etidronate solution diluted with distilled water and Group 3: 9% etidronate solution diluted in 3% NaOCL. The quality of smear layer removal was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the protocols of irrigations. Results The study showed significant differences in the quality of smear layer removal in the apical part of the root canal. The best results were obtained in the groups using 9% etidronate and 9% etidronate solution diluted in 3% sodium hypochlorite. Conducting a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of removing the smear layer using 3% NaOCL + 17% EDTA, 3% NaOCL + 9% etidronic acid diluted with distilled water, 3% NaOCL + 9% etidronic acid diluted with 3% hypochlorite showed greater effectiveness of protocols using etidronate. When comparing statistical data, protocols using etidronate were 4 times more effective than EDTA. Conclusion The smear layer formed during mechanical treatment of the root canal was better removed during irrigation with etidronate solution.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05510-8EDTAEtidronateIrrigationRoot canal treatmentSmear layer |
| spellingShingle | Svetlana Razumova Anzhela Brago Anzhelika Kryuchkova Vasiliy Troitskiy Ruzanna Bragunova Haydar Barakat Evaluation of the efficiency of smear layer removal during endodontic treatment using scanning electron microscopy: an in vitro study BMC Oral Health EDTA Etidronate Irrigation Root canal treatment Smear layer |
| title | Evaluation of the efficiency of smear layer removal during endodontic treatment using scanning electron microscopy: an in vitro study |
| title_full | Evaluation of the efficiency of smear layer removal during endodontic treatment using scanning electron microscopy: an in vitro study |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the efficiency of smear layer removal during endodontic treatment using scanning electron microscopy: an in vitro study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the efficiency of smear layer removal during endodontic treatment using scanning electron microscopy: an in vitro study |
| title_short | Evaluation of the efficiency of smear layer removal during endodontic treatment using scanning electron microscopy: an in vitro study |
| title_sort | evaluation of the efficiency of smear layer removal during endodontic treatment using scanning electron microscopy an in vitro study |
| topic | EDTA Etidronate Irrigation Root canal treatment Smear layer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05510-8 |
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