Power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy – Potential, prospects and policy
Climate is changing due to greater carbon emissions with observable effects like severe weather events, shifts in precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and warming oceans. Hence power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy is proposed in Pakistan for sustainabl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Environmental and Sustainability Indicators |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972725000352 |
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| author | Muhammad Amir Raza Mahmoud Ahmad Al-Khasawneh Yahya Z. Alharthi Muhammad Faheem Raza Haider Laveet Kumar |
| author_facet | Muhammad Amir Raza Mahmoud Ahmad Al-Khasawneh Yahya Z. Alharthi Muhammad Faheem Raza Haider Laveet Kumar |
| author_sort | Muhammad Amir Raza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate is changing due to greater carbon emissions with observable effects like severe weather events, shifts in precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and warming oceans. Hence power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy is proposed in Pakistan for sustainable climate environment. Pakistan is blessed with 100 GW of geothermal capacity and it is exploited using the Low Emissions Analysis platform (LEAP) software for the study period 2024 to 2060 by taking the base year 2023. The results revealed that for the year 2024 geothermal energy will be produced around 33.12 TWh which then increased to 58.07 TWh until 2027, 108.15 TWh units until 2030 to 364.56 TWh units until 2040, 787.91 TWh units until 2050 and 1599.99 TWh units until 2060. Further, the investment cost is forecasted that 1.07 US billion $ until 2024 which then enhanced to 2.13 US billion $ until 2027, 3.41 US billion $ until 2030, 9.83 US billion $ until 2040, 24.42 US billion $ until 2050 and 55.34 US billion $ until 2060. The forecasted capacity of geothermal is capable of reducing 30% carbon emissions until 2030 and further it reduces 50% and 100% carbon emissions until 2030 and 2040. This study provides zero-emission solutions, climate risk management, equity, and justice in the climate action goals worldwide. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-da017bb4c87f455eb21aca9251181688 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2665-9727 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental and Sustainability Indicators |
| spelling | doaj-art-da017bb4c87f455eb21aca92511816882025-01-31T05:12:24ZengElsevierEnvironmental and Sustainability Indicators2665-97272025-06-0126100614Power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy – Potential, prospects and policyMuhammad Amir Raza0Mahmoud Ahmad Al-Khasawneh1Yahya Z. Alharthi2Muhammad Faheem3Raza Haider4Laveet Kumar5Department of Electrical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, SZAB Campus, 66020, Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh, Pakistan; Corresponding author.School of Computing, Skyline University College, University City Sharjah, 1797, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, JordanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Albatin, 39524, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi ArabiaVTT-Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Maarintie 3, 02150, Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology, 98100, Khuzdar, Balochistan, PakistanDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, QatarClimate is changing due to greater carbon emissions with observable effects like severe weather events, shifts in precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and warming oceans. Hence power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy is proposed in Pakistan for sustainable climate environment. Pakistan is blessed with 100 GW of geothermal capacity and it is exploited using the Low Emissions Analysis platform (LEAP) software for the study period 2024 to 2060 by taking the base year 2023. The results revealed that for the year 2024 geothermal energy will be produced around 33.12 TWh which then increased to 58.07 TWh until 2027, 108.15 TWh units until 2030 to 364.56 TWh units until 2040, 787.91 TWh units until 2050 and 1599.99 TWh units until 2060. Further, the investment cost is forecasted that 1.07 US billion $ until 2024 which then enhanced to 2.13 US billion $ until 2027, 3.41 US billion $ until 2030, 9.83 US billion $ until 2040, 24.42 US billion $ until 2050 and 55.34 US billion $ until 2060. The forecasted capacity of geothermal is capable of reducing 30% carbon emissions until 2030 and further it reduces 50% and 100% carbon emissions until 2030 and 2040. This study provides zero-emission solutions, climate risk management, equity, and justice in the climate action goals worldwide.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972725000352Geothermal sourceEnergy planningInvestment costClimate changeEnergy policy |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Amir Raza Mahmoud Ahmad Al-Khasawneh Yahya Z. Alharthi Muhammad Faheem Raza Haider Laveet Kumar Power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy – Potential, prospects and policy Environmental and Sustainability Indicators Geothermal source Energy planning Investment cost Climate change Energy policy |
| title | Power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy – Potential, prospects and policy |
| title_full | Power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy – Potential, prospects and policy |
| title_fullStr | Power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy – Potential, prospects and policy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy – Potential, prospects and policy |
| title_short | Power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy – Potential, prospects and policy |
| title_sort | power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy potential prospects and policy |
| topic | Geothermal source Energy planning Investment cost Climate change Energy policy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972725000352 |
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