The Mediterranean Sea on the Bench: Unveiling the Marine Invertebrate <i>Sidnyum elegans</i> as a Source of Novel Promising Therapeutic Tools Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

The Mediterranean Sea on the Bench: Unveiling the Marine Invertebrate <i>Sidnyum elegans</i> as a Source of Novel Promising Therapeutic Tools Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

This study aims to unveil the marine invertebrate <i>Sidnyum elegans</i>, a <i>Mediterranean ascidian</i>, as a natural resource for the early development of new treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Nine different fractions obtained via medium-pressure liquid...

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Main Authors: Marcello Casertano, Camilla Esposito, Ivana Bello, Martina Barile, Luana Izzo, Emma Mitidieri, Raffaella Sorrentino, Marialuisa Menna, Elisabetta Panza, Concetta Imperatore, Roberta d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Marine Drugs
Subjects:
triple-negative breast cancer
marine invertebrates
ascidians
tunicates
<i>Sidnyum elegans</i>
marine natural products
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/5/195
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Summary:This study aims to unveil the marine invertebrate <i>Sidnyum elegans</i>, a <i>Mediterranean ascidian</i>, as a natural resource for the early development of new treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Nine different fractions obtained via medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) of the butanol-soluble material of the ascidian were evaluated in proliferating MDA-MB-231 cells in a range of 10–50 µg/mL. Among them, the SEB-5 fraction was found to be the most effective in reducing cell proliferation and concomitantly inducing apoptosis, revealed via MTT assay and FACS analysis using Annexin V/PI dual staining. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of this fraction on cell cycle phases, revealing that SEB-5 can arrest the cells in the G0/G1 phase. This latter effect was then confirmed via transcriptomic analysis, showing that treatment with SEB-5 reduced the expression of cyclinB1, CDC25a, and CDK1. Finally, to evaluate the potential antimetastatic effect of SEB-5, a wound-healing assay was performed showing the ability of SEB-5 to reduce MDA-MB-231 cell migration. The chemical characterization of SEB-5 components was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This analysis revealed the presence of a terpenoid and polyketide-like compounds, including the alkyl sulfate <b>1</b> and phosphoeleganin <b>2</b>, along with three novel phosphoeleganin-related products <b>3</b>–<b>5</b>.
ISSN:1660-3397

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