Synthesis of Ce-Based <i>RE</i><sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B by Solid-State Reaction and Reduction-Diffusion Process
Rare-earth permanent magnets, such as Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B, have been widely used in electric vehicle and wind turbine motors due to their high anisotropy field (<i>H</i><sub>a</sub>), saturation magnetization (<i>M</i><sub>...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Sunwoo Lee Kanghyuk Lee Young-Min Kang Jung-Woo Lee Jihoon Park Sang-Im Yoo Chan Park |
| author_facet | Sunwoo Lee Kanghyuk Lee Young-Min Kang Jung-Woo Lee Jihoon Park Sang-Im Yoo Chan Park |
| author_sort | Sunwoo Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rare-earth permanent magnets, such as Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B, have been widely used in electric vehicle and wind turbine motors due to their high anisotropy field (<i>H</i><sub>a</sub>), saturation magnetization (<i>M</i><sub>s</sub>) and coercivity (<i>H</i><sub>c</sub>). Cerium (Ce) has gained attention as a potential alternative to neodymium (Nd) due to its high abundance and low cost. The relatively poor intrinsic magnetic properties of Ce magnets, however, remain a significant challenge for their industrial applications. In this study, the synthesis of Ce-based <i>RE</i><sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B (2-14-1) phases was achieved by a modified reduction-diffusion (R-D) process using <i>RE</i>FeO<sub>3</sub> (<i>RE</i> = Ce, Nd) as a precursor. The precursor was prepared by a solid-state reaction with CeO<sub>2</sub>, Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O₃ and Fe powders, which is a much more suitable process for mass production and cost-effectiveness. Optimal composition and heat treatment conditions enabled the formation of single-phase Ce-based 2-14-1 particles. The as-synthesized single-phase Ce<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B particles exhibited an <i>M</i><sub>s</sub> value of ~120 emu/g and an intrinsic coercivity (<i>H</i><sub>ci</sub>) value of ~85 Oe, which can be attributed to the large particle size as observed by FE-SEM. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-d97446628ccb4c0da2ec8f8c4e9187082025-08-20T02:50:13ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-12-0114231125310.3390/app142311253Synthesis of Ce-Based <i>RE</i><sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B by Solid-State Reaction and Reduction-Diffusion ProcessSunwoo Lee0Kanghyuk Lee1Young-Min Kang2Jung-Woo Lee3Jihoon Park4Sang-Im Yoo5Chan Park6Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of KoreaNano Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaRare-earth permanent magnets, such as Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B, have been widely used in electric vehicle and wind turbine motors due to their high anisotropy field (<i>H</i><sub>a</sub>), saturation magnetization (<i>M</i><sub>s</sub>) and coercivity (<i>H</i><sub>c</sub>). Cerium (Ce) has gained attention as a potential alternative to neodymium (Nd) due to its high abundance and low cost. The relatively poor intrinsic magnetic properties of Ce magnets, however, remain a significant challenge for their industrial applications. In this study, the synthesis of Ce-based <i>RE</i><sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B (2-14-1) phases was achieved by a modified reduction-diffusion (R-D) process using <i>RE</i>FeO<sub>3</sub> (<i>RE</i> = Ce, Nd) as a precursor. The precursor was prepared by a solid-state reaction with CeO<sub>2</sub>, Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O₃ and Fe powders, which is a much more suitable process for mass production and cost-effectiveness. Optimal composition and heat treatment conditions enabled the formation of single-phase Ce-based 2-14-1 particles. The as-synthesized single-phase Ce<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B particles exhibited an <i>M</i><sub>s</sub> value of ~120 emu/g and an intrinsic coercivity (<i>H</i><sub>ci</sub>) value of ~85 Oe, which can be attributed to the large particle size as observed by FE-SEM.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11253Ce<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>Breduction-diffusion processsolid-state reaction2-14-1 phaserare-earth magnet |
| spellingShingle | Sunwoo Lee Kanghyuk Lee Young-Min Kang Jung-Woo Lee Jihoon Park Sang-Im Yoo Chan Park Synthesis of Ce-Based <i>RE</i><sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B by Solid-State Reaction and Reduction-Diffusion Process Applied Sciences Ce<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B reduction-diffusion process solid-state reaction 2-14-1 phase rare-earth magnet |
| title | Synthesis of Ce-Based <i>RE</i><sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B by Solid-State Reaction and Reduction-Diffusion Process |
| title_full | Synthesis of Ce-Based <i>RE</i><sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B by Solid-State Reaction and Reduction-Diffusion Process |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Ce-Based <i>RE</i><sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B by Solid-State Reaction and Reduction-Diffusion Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Ce-Based <i>RE</i><sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B by Solid-State Reaction and Reduction-Diffusion Process |
| title_short | Synthesis of Ce-Based <i>RE</i><sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B by Solid-State Reaction and Reduction-Diffusion Process |
| title_sort | synthesis of ce based i re i sub 2 sub fe sub 14 sub b by solid state reaction and reduction diffusion process |
| topic | Ce<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B reduction-diffusion process solid-state reaction 2-14-1 phase rare-earth magnet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11253 |
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