Integrating pyramid vision transformer and topological data analysis for brain tumor

IntroductionBrain tumor (BT) classification is crucial yet challenging due to the complex and varied nature of these tumors. We present a novel approach combining a Pyramid Vision Transformer (PVT) with an adaptive deformable attention mechanism and Topological Data Analysis (TDA) to address the com...

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Main Authors: Dhananjay Joshi, Bhupesh Kumar Singh, Kapil Kumar Nagwanshi, Nitin S. Choubey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Computer Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1463006/full
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author Dhananjay Joshi
Bhupesh Kumar Singh
Kapil Kumar Nagwanshi
Nitin S. Choubey
author_facet Dhananjay Joshi
Bhupesh Kumar Singh
Kapil Kumar Nagwanshi
Nitin S. Choubey
author_sort Dhananjay Joshi
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionBrain tumor (BT) classification is crucial yet challenging due to the complex and varied nature of these tumors. We present a novel approach combining a Pyramid Vision Transformer (PVT) with an adaptive deformable attention mechanism and Topological Data Analysis (TDA) to address the complexities of BT detection. While PVT and deformable attention have been explored in prior work, we introduce key innovations to enhance their performance for medical image analysis.MethodsWe developed an adaptive deformable attention mechanism that dynamically adjusts receptive fields based on tumor complexity, focusing on critical regions in MRI scans. The approach also incorporates an adaptive sampling rate with hierarchical dynamic position embeddings for context-aware multi-scale feature extraction. Feature channels are partitioned into specialized groups via an offset group mechanism to improve feature diversity, and a hierarchical deformable attention strategy further integrates local and global contexts to yield refined feature representations. Additionally, applying TDA to MRI images extracts meaningful topological patterns, followed by a Random Forest classifier for final BT classification.ResultsThe method was evaluated on the Figshare brain tumor MRI dataset. It achieved 99.2% accuracy, 99.35% recall, 98.9% precision, a 99.12% F1-score, a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.98, and a LogLoss of 0.05, with an average processing time of approximately 6 seconds per image.DiscussionThese results underscore the method's ability to combine detailed feature extraction with topological insights, significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of BT classification. The proposed approach offers a promising tool for more reliable and rapid brain tumor diagnosis.
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spelling doaj-art-d8b26ae4a8fa447bb2f7d0d91efed74c2025-08-20T02:16:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Computer Science2624-98982025-04-01710.3389/fcomp.2025.14630061463006Integrating pyramid vision transformer and topological data analysis for brain tumorDhananjay Joshi0Bhupesh Kumar Singh1Kapil Kumar Nagwanshi2Nitin S. Choubey3Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, IndiaAmity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, IndiaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, IndiaDepartment of Computer Science, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering Shirpur, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-To-be University, Mumbai, IndiaIntroductionBrain tumor (BT) classification is crucial yet challenging due to the complex and varied nature of these tumors. We present a novel approach combining a Pyramid Vision Transformer (PVT) with an adaptive deformable attention mechanism and Topological Data Analysis (TDA) to address the complexities of BT detection. While PVT and deformable attention have been explored in prior work, we introduce key innovations to enhance their performance for medical image analysis.MethodsWe developed an adaptive deformable attention mechanism that dynamically adjusts receptive fields based on tumor complexity, focusing on critical regions in MRI scans. The approach also incorporates an adaptive sampling rate with hierarchical dynamic position embeddings for context-aware multi-scale feature extraction. Feature channels are partitioned into specialized groups via an offset group mechanism to improve feature diversity, and a hierarchical deformable attention strategy further integrates local and global contexts to yield refined feature representations. Additionally, applying TDA to MRI images extracts meaningful topological patterns, followed by a Random Forest classifier for final BT classification.ResultsThe method was evaluated on the Figshare brain tumor MRI dataset. It achieved 99.2% accuracy, 99.35% recall, 98.9% precision, a 99.12% F1-score, a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.98, and a LogLoss of 0.05, with an average processing time of approximately 6 seconds per image.DiscussionThese results underscore the method's ability to combine detailed feature extraction with topological insights, significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of BT classification. The proposed approach offers a promising tool for more reliable and rapid brain tumor diagnosis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1463006/fulladaptive PVTBT classificationbrain tumordeep feature extractionGiotto-TDARandom Forest classifier
spellingShingle Dhananjay Joshi
Bhupesh Kumar Singh
Kapil Kumar Nagwanshi
Nitin S. Choubey
Integrating pyramid vision transformer and topological data analysis for brain tumor
Frontiers in Computer Science
adaptive PVT
BT classification
brain tumor
deep feature extraction
Giotto-TDA
Random Forest classifier
title Integrating pyramid vision transformer and topological data analysis for brain tumor
title_full Integrating pyramid vision transformer and topological data analysis for brain tumor
title_fullStr Integrating pyramid vision transformer and topological data analysis for brain tumor
title_full_unstemmed Integrating pyramid vision transformer and topological data analysis for brain tumor
title_short Integrating pyramid vision transformer and topological data analysis for brain tumor
title_sort integrating pyramid vision transformer and topological data analysis for brain tumor
topic adaptive PVT
BT classification
brain tumor
deep feature extraction
Giotto-TDA
Random Forest classifier
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1463006/full
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AT kapilkumarnagwanshi integratingpyramidvisiontransformerandtopologicaldataanalysisforbraintumor
AT nitinschoubey integratingpyramidvisiontransformerandtopologicaldataanalysisforbraintumor