TYRO3 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating expression of CCN1 in tumor microenvironment
Background Immunological contexture differs across malignancies, and understanding it in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for development of new anticancer agents in order to achieve synergistic effects with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy. TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK rece...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer |
| Online Access: | https://jitc.bmj.com/content/11/1/e006084.full |
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| author | Miso Park Da-Sol Kuen Keon Wook Kang Yeonseok Chung Jaewoo Park Munkyung Choi Yeonji Kim Eun Chae Roh Yong June Choi Yoon Gyoon Kim Sung Yun Cho |
| author_facet | Miso Park Da-Sol Kuen Keon Wook Kang Yeonseok Chung Jaewoo Park Munkyung Choi Yeonji Kim Eun Chae Roh Yong June Choi Yoon Gyoon Kim Sung Yun Cho |
| author_sort | Miso Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Immunological contexture differs across malignancies, and understanding it in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for development of new anticancer agents in order to achieve synergistic effects with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy. TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK receptors are bi-expressed in both cancer and immune cells, and thus emerge as promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Whereas AXL and MERTK have been extensively studied, the role of TYRO3, in the TME, is still undetermined.Methods Here, we screened the TYRO3-focused chemical library consisting of 208 compounds and presented a potent and highly selective TYRO3 inhibitor, KRCT87. We explored the role of TYRO3 using mouse engrafting MC38 or 4T1 tumors. We validated the results using flow cytometry, RNA sequencing analysis, gene knockdown or overexpression, ex vivo immune cells isolation from mouse models, immunoblotting and quantitative PCR. Flow cytometry was used for the quantification of cell populations and immunophenotyping of macrophages and T cells. Co-cultures of macrophages and T cells were performed to verify the role of CCN1 in the tumors.Results TYRO3 blockade boosts antitumor immune responses in both the tumor-draining lymph nodes and tumors in MC38-syngeneic mice models. Moreover, the combination of KRCT87 and anti-PD-1 therapy exerts significant synergistic antitumor effects in anti-PD-1-non-responsive 4T1-syngeneic model. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that inhibition of TYRO3-driven CCN1 secretion fosters macrophages into M1-skewing phenotypes, thereby triggering antitumor T-cell responses. CCN1 overexpression in MC38 tumors diminishes responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy.Conclusions The activated TYRO3-CCN1 axis in cancer could dampen anti-PD-1 therapy responses. These findings highlight the potential of TYRO3 blockade to improve the clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1 therapy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d87b67e3b4a94212a472d363c4f1fe80 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2051-1426 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer |
| spelling | doaj-art-d87b67e3b4a94212a472d363c4f1fe802025-01-29T09:50:11ZengBMJ Publishing GroupJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2051-14262023-01-0111110.1136/jitc-2022-006084TYRO3 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating expression of CCN1 in tumor microenvironmentMiso Park0Da-Sol Kuen1Keon Wook Kang2Yeonseok Chung3Jaewoo Park4Munkyung Choi5Yeonji Kim6Eun Chae Roh7Yong June Choi8Yoon Gyoon Kim9Sung Yun Cho10Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USALaboratory of Immune Regulation, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaCollege of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaLaboratory of Immune Regulation, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaCollege of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaCollege of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South KoreaCollege of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South KoreaDepartment of Drug Discovery, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South KoreaBackground Immunological contexture differs across malignancies, and understanding it in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for development of new anticancer agents in order to achieve synergistic effects with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy. TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK receptors are bi-expressed in both cancer and immune cells, and thus emerge as promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Whereas AXL and MERTK have been extensively studied, the role of TYRO3, in the TME, is still undetermined.Methods Here, we screened the TYRO3-focused chemical library consisting of 208 compounds and presented a potent and highly selective TYRO3 inhibitor, KRCT87. We explored the role of TYRO3 using mouse engrafting MC38 or 4T1 tumors. We validated the results using flow cytometry, RNA sequencing analysis, gene knockdown or overexpression, ex vivo immune cells isolation from mouse models, immunoblotting and quantitative PCR. Flow cytometry was used for the quantification of cell populations and immunophenotyping of macrophages and T cells. Co-cultures of macrophages and T cells were performed to verify the role of CCN1 in the tumors.Results TYRO3 blockade boosts antitumor immune responses in both the tumor-draining lymph nodes and tumors in MC38-syngeneic mice models. Moreover, the combination of KRCT87 and anti-PD-1 therapy exerts significant synergistic antitumor effects in anti-PD-1-non-responsive 4T1-syngeneic model. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that inhibition of TYRO3-driven CCN1 secretion fosters macrophages into M1-skewing phenotypes, thereby triggering antitumor T-cell responses. CCN1 overexpression in MC38 tumors diminishes responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy.Conclusions The activated TYRO3-CCN1 axis in cancer could dampen anti-PD-1 therapy responses. These findings highlight the potential of TYRO3 blockade to improve the clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1 therapy.https://jitc.bmj.com/content/11/1/e006084.full |
| spellingShingle | Miso Park Da-Sol Kuen Keon Wook Kang Yeonseok Chung Jaewoo Park Munkyung Choi Yeonji Kim Eun Chae Roh Yong June Choi Yoon Gyoon Kim Sung Yun Cho TYRO3 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating expression of CCN1 in tumor microenvironment Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer |
| title | TYRO3 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating expression of CCN1 in tumor microenvironment |
| title_full | TYRO3 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating expression of CCN1 in tumor microenvironment |
| title_fullStr | TYRO3 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating expression of CCN1 in tumor microenvironment |
| title_full_unstemmed | TYRO3 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating expression of CCN1 in tumor microenvironment |
| title_short | TYRO3 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating expression of CCN1 in tumor microenvironment |
| title_sort | tyro3 blockade enhances anti pd 1 therapy response by modulating expression of ccn1 in tumor microenvironment |
| url | https://jitc.bmj.com/content/11/1/e006084.full |
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