Assembled Nanostructured Architectures Studied By Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering
In this chapter, we will focus on a specific X‐raybased technique among those employed in surface science and which is especially suitable for the study of self‐assembled nanocrystals: Grazing Incidence Small Angle X‐ray Scattering (GISAXS). We will first introduce the main field of investigation co...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2012-12-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.intechopen.com/journals/nanomaterials_and_nanotechnology/assembled-nanostructured-architectures-studied-by-grazing-incidence-x-ray-scattering |
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| Summary: | In this chapter, we will focus on a specific X‐raybased
technique among those employed in surface
science and which is especially suitable for the study of
self‐assembled nanocrystals: Grazing Incidence Small Angle
X‐ray Scattering (GISAXS). We will first introduce the
main field of investigation considered herein, with basic
notions of X‐ray scattering from surfaces, and then
address basic concepts about GISAXS. Finally, we will
describe a few relevant examples of studies, of
nanostructured architectures, through ex situ and in situ
experiments of grazing incidence X‐ray scattering. This
manuscript is focused on the former, showing that they
can be performed by using laboratory instruments. In situ
investigations still need synchrotron radiation sources in
most cases; therefore, only a few examples selected from
the literature are reported here, for the sake of
completeness. The experiments described are mainly
performed in the small angle range, providing
information on the size and shape of nanocrystals,
together with their spatial arrangement. Both 2D and 3D
architectures are considered. In particular, GISAXS
measurements of 2D superlattices of nano‐octapods,
performed both at a third generation synchrotron
beamline and with a table‐top set‐up, are compared; the
employed table‐top set‐up is described in a dedicated
paragraph. Further examples of grazing incidence studies
as performed by the authors with a table‐top set‐up are
reported: a GISAXS study of 3D iron oxide nanocrystal
superlattices, showing the importance of modelling in
order to obtain structural information from data; a
combined small/wide angle scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS)
study of 3D PbS nanocrystal superlattices; and a GIWAXS
study of P3HT nanofibres, showing how the ordering at
the molecular and atomic length scales can be obtained by
exploring different angular ranges in the same grazing
incidence geometry. Finally, selected examples of in situ
GISAXS studies, performed with synchrotron radiation
sources, are described. |
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| ISSN: | 1847-9804 |