An overview of downhill esophageal varices: a challenge for medical practice
Objectives Unlike the commonly seen uphill esophageal varices in clinical practice, downhill esophageal varices are caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava and azygous venous system. The predominant causes of downhill esophageal varices are hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease patients an...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Annals of Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2462452 |
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