A dual binder concept for 3D printing ink: Triggered polymerization for rapid stiffening and carbonation for final strength
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing of polymeric materials is facilitated by sharp fluid-to-solid transition mechanisms. In contrast to polymeric materials, controlling the fluid-to-solid transition of suspensions based on reactive inorganic binders like cement remains challenging.Here, we present...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000188 |
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| author | Sebastian Remke Sharu Bhagavathi Kandy Olivia Rindle Gaurav Sant Torben Gädt |
| author_facet | Sebastian Remke Sharu Bhagavathi Kandy Olivia Rindle Gaurav Sant Torben Gädt |
| author_sort | Sebastian Remke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Additive manufacturing or 3D printing of polymeric materials is facilitated by sharp fluid-to-solid transition mechanisms. In contrast to polymeric materials, controlling the fluid-to-solid transition of suspensions based on reactive inorganic binders like cement remains challenging.Here, we present a dual binder suspension with precise control over the fluid-to-solid transition. We combine an organic binder system based on free radical polymerization of acrylic acid with an inorganic binder system based on the carbonation of calcium hydroxide. Once initiated, the polymerization of the organic binder forms a crosslinked polymer network, leading to a rapid fluid-to-solid transition of the material. The onset of polymerization is achieved with a thermal initiator (2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propan]dihydrochloride) and could be adjusted in a temperature range of Image 1 as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).The maximum stiffening rate of Image 2 and maximum storage modulus of Image 3 are obtained by a rheometer using small-angle oscillatory shear (SAOS) experiments. Cubic samples are prepared using microwave irradiation to reach a compressive green body strength of Image 4 in Image 5. The following carbonation hardening of Image 6 leads to a final compressive strength of Image 7 at a porosity of Image 8. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d80c3d5889954d4088255228f10821b6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj-art-d80c3d5889954d4088255228f10821b62025-01-24T04:44:31ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-02-01250113598A dual binder concept for 3D printing ink: Triggered polymerization for rapid stiffening and carbonation for final strengthSebastian Remke0Sharu Bhagavathi Kandy1Olivia Rindle2Gaurav Sant3Torben Gädt4Chair for the Chemistry of Construction Materials, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, GermanyLaboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala 673601, IndiaChair for the Chemistry of Construction Materials, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, GermanyLaboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAChair for the Chemistry of Construction Materials, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; Corresponding author.Additive manufacturing or 3D printing of polymeric materials is facilitated by sharp fluid-to-solid transition mechanisms. In contrast to polymeric materials, controlling the fluid-to-solid transition of suspensions based on reactive inorganic binders like cement remains challenging.Here, we present a dual binder suspension with precise control over the fluid-to-solid transition. We combine an organic binder system based on free radical polymerization of acrylic acid with an inorganic binder system based on the carbonation of calcium hydroxide. Once initiated, the polymerization of the organic binder forms a crosslinked polymer network, leading to a rapid fluid-to-solid transition of the material. The onset of polymerization is achieved with a thermal initiator (2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propan]dihydrochloride) and could be adjusted in a temperature range of Image 1 as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).The maximum stiffening rate of Image 2 and maximum storage modulus of Image 3 are obtained by a rheometer using small-angle oscillatory shear (SAOS) experiments. Cubic samples are prepared using microwave irradiation to reach a compressive green body strength of Image 4 in Image 5. The following carbonation hardening of Image 6 leads to a final compressive strength of Image 7 at a porosity of Image 8.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000188 |
| spellingShingle | Sebastian Remke Sharu Bhagavathi Kandy Olivia Rindle Gaurav Sant Torben Gädt A dual binder concept for 3D printing ink: Triggered polymerization for rapid stiffening and carbonation for final strength Materials & Design |
| title | A dual binder concept for 3D printing ink: Triggered polymerization for rapid stiffening and carbonation for final strength |
| title_full | A dual binder concept for 3D printing ink: Triggered polymerization for rapid stiffening and carbonation for final strength |
| title_fullStr | A dual binder concept for 3D printing ink: Triggered polymerization for rapid stiffening and carbonation for final strength |
| title_full_unstemmed | A dual binder concept for 3D printing ink: Triggered polymerization for rapid stiffening and carbonation for final strength |
| title_short | A dual binder concept for 3D printing ink: Triggered polymerization for rapid stiffening and carbonation for final strength |
| title_sort | dual binder concept for 3d printing ink triggered polymerization for rapid stiffening and carbonation for final strength |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000188 |
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