Water-Soluble Vitamins: Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis in Pediatric Population
Background/Objectives: Water-soluble vitamins, comprising the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C, are essential for normal growth, cellular metabolism, and immune function in pediatric populations. Due to limited storage in the body, these vitamins require consistent intake to prevent deficiencies. Pe...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/118 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832587745134903296 |
|---|---|
| author | Roberto Paparella Fabiola Panvino Lucia Leonardi Ida Pucarelli Michela Menghi Ginevra Micangeli Francesca Tarani Marcello Niceta Debora Rasio Rouzha Pancheva Marco Fiore Luigi Tarani |
| author_facet | Roberto Paparella Fabiola Panvino Lucia Leonardi Ida Pucarelli Michela Menghi Ginevra Micangeli Francesca Tarani Marcello Niceta Debora Rasio Rouzha Pancheva Marco Fiore Luigi Tarani |
| author_sort | Roberto Paparella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Objectives: Water-soluble vitamins, comprising the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C, are essential for normal growth, cellular metabolism, and immune function in pediatric populations. Due to limited storage in the body, these vitamins require consistent intake to prevent deficiencies. Pediatric populations, particularly infants and young children, face a heightened risk of both deficiency and, in rare cases, toxicity due to varying dietary intake and increased developmental needs. This review explores the clinical importance of water-soluble vitamins, focusing on hypo- and hypervitaminosis in children. Methods: A narrative review of the recent literature on the sources, recommended intakes, deficiency symptoms, and potential toxicities associated with each water-soluble vitamin was conducted. Results: Deficiencies in water-soluble vitamins can lead to diverse clinical outcomes, such as neurological, hematological, and immune-related symptoms, depending on the specific vitamin involved. Pediatric populations with increased nutritional needs, such as those experiencing rapid growth or with malabsorption conditions, are particularly vulnerable to vitamin insufficiencies. Conversely, although uncommon, excessive intake of certain water-soluble vitamins may cause mild toxicity, primarily gastrointestinal or neurological. Conclusions: Monitoring water-soluble vitamin levels and providing tailored nutritional support are critical to prevent the adverse effects of hypo- and hypervitaminosis in children. Further research is needed to refine pediatric nutritional guidelines and address the specific needs of young patients, supporting optimal health outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d7e7749db19e40fbb66c0a89f51d3609 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-d7e7749db19e40fbb66c0a89f51d36092025-01-24T13:46:02ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-01-0117111810.3390/pharmaceutics17010118Water-Soluble Vitamins: Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis in Pediatric PopulationRoberto Paparella0Fabiola Panvino1Lucia Leonardi2Ida Pucarelli3Michela Menghi4Ginevra Micangeli5Francesca Tarani6Marcello Niceta7Debora Rasio8Rouzha Pancheva9Marco Fiore10Luigi Tarani11Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Prof Dr Paraskev Stoyanov, 9002 Varna, BulgariaDepartment of Sensory Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyBackground/Objectives: Water-soluble vitamins, comprising the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C, are essential for normal growth, cellular metabolism, and immune function in pediatric populations. Due to limited storage in the body, these vitamins require consistent intake to prevent deficiencies. Pediatric populations, particularly infants and young children, face a heightened risk of both deficiency and, in rare cases, toxicity due to varying dietary intake and increased developmental needs. This review explores the clinical importance of water-soluble vitamins, focusing on hypo- and hypervitaminosis in children. Methods: A narrative review of the recent literature on the sources, recommended intakes, deficiency symptoms, and potential toxicities associated with each water-soluble vitamin was conducted. Results: Deficiencies in water-soluble vitamins can lead to diverse clinical outcomes, such as neurological, hematological, and immune-related symptoms, depending on the specific vitamin involved. Pediatric populations with increased nutritional needs, such as those experiencing rapid growth or with malabsorption conditions, are particularly vulnerable to vitamin insufficiencies. Conversely, although uncommon, excessive intake of certain water-soluble vitamins may cause mild toxicity, primarily gastrointestinal or neurological. Conclusions: Monitoring water-soluble vitamin levels and providing tailored nutritional support are critical to prevent the adverse effects of hypo- and hypervitaminosis in children. Further research is needed to refine pediatric nutritional guidelines and address the specific needs of young patients, supporting optimal health outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/118hypovitaminosishypervitaminosiswater-soluble vitaminspediatric nutritionvitamin sources |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Paparella Fabiola Panvino Lucia Leonardi Ida Pucarelli Michela Menghi Ginevra Micangeli Francesca Tarani Marcello Niceta Debora Rasio Rouzha Pancheva Marco Fiore Luigi Tarani Water-Soluble Vitamins: Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis in Pediatric Population Pharmaceutics hypovitaminosis hypervitaminosis water-soluble vitamins pediatric nutrition vitamin sources |
| title | Water-Soluble Vitamins: Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis in Pediatric Population |
| title_full | Water-Soluble Vitamins: Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis in Pediatric Population |
| title_fullStr | Water-Soluble Vitamins: Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis in Pediatric Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water-Soluble Vitamins: Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis in Pediatric Population |
| title_short | Water-Soluble Vitamins: Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis in Pediatric Population |
| title_sort | water soluble vitamins hypo and hypervitaminosis in pediatric population |
| topic | hypovitaminosis hypervitaminosis water-soluble vitamins pediatric nutrition vitamin sources |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/118 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT robertopaparella watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation AT fabiolapanvino watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation AT lucialeonardi watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation AT idapucarelli watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation AT michelamenghi watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation AT ginevramicangeli watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation AT francescatarani watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation AT marcelloniceta watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation AT deborarasio watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation AT rouzhapancheva watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation AT marcofiore watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation AT luigitarani watersolublevitaminshypoandhypervitaminosisinpediatricpopulation |