Activation of Glycine and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by Taurine on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis
The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) has been known for the processing and transmission of orofacial nociceptive information. Taurine, one of the most plentiful free amino-acids in humans, has proved to be involved in pain modulation. In this study, using whole-c...
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Neural Plasticity |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/740581 |
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| author | Thi Thanh Hoang Nguyen Janardhan Prasad Bhattarai Soo Joung Park Seong Kyu Han |
| author_facet | Thi Thanh Hoang Nguyen Janardhan Prasad Bhattarai Soo Joung Park Seong Kyu Han |
| author_sort | Thi Thanh Hoang Nguyen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) has been known for the processing and transmission of orofacial nociceptive information. Taurine, one of the most plentiful free amino-acids in humans, has proved to be involved in pain modulation. In this study, using whole-cell patch clamp technique, we investigated the direct membrane effects of taurine and the action mechanism behind taurine-mediated responses on the SG neurons of the Vc. Taurine showed non-desensitizing and repeatable membrane depolarizations and inward currents which remained in the presence of amino-acid receptors blocking cocktail (AARBC) with tetrodotoxin, indicating that taurine acts directly on the postsynaptic SG neurons. Further, application of taurine at different doses (10 μM to 3 mM) showed a concentration dependent depolarizations and inward currents with the EC50 of 84.3 μM and 723 μM, respectively. Taurine-mediated responses were partially blocked by picrotoxin (50 μM) and almost completely blocked by strychnine (2 μM), suggesting that taurine-mediated responses are via glycine receptor (GlyR) activation. In addition, taurine (1 mM) activated extrasynaptic GABAA receptor (GABAAR)-mediated currents. Taken together, our results indicate that taurine can be a target molecule for orofacial pain modulation through the activation of GlyRs and/or extrasynaptic GABAARs on the SG neurons. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d79a503098a749c2ae770cd9e5a6afcc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-5904 1687-5443 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Neural Plasticity |
| spelling | doaj-art-d79a503098a749c2ae770cd9e5a6afcc2025-02-03T05:58:07ZengWileyNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432013-01-01201310.1155/2013/740581740581Activation of Glycine and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by Taurine on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus CaudalisThi Thanh Hoang Nguyen0Janardhan Prasad Bhattarai1Soo Joung Park2Seong Kyu Han3Department of Oral Physiology & Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oral Physiology & Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oral Physiology & Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oral Physiology & Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of KoreaThe substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) has been known for the processing and transmission of orofacial nociceptive information. Taurine, one of the most plentiful free amino-acids in humans, has proved to be involved in pain modulation. In this study, using whole-cell patch clamp technique, we investigated the direct membrane effects of taurine and the action mechanism behind taurine-mediated responses on the SG neurons of the Vc. Taurine showed non-desensitizing and repeatable membrane depolarizations and inward currents which remained in the presence of amino-acid receptors blocking cocktail (AARBC) with tetrodotoxin, indicating that taurine acts directly on the postsynaptic SG neurons. Further, application of taurine at different doses (10 μM to 3 mM) showed a concentration dependent depolarizations and inward currents with the EC50 of 84.3 μM and 723 μM, respectively. Taurine-mediated responses were partially blocked by picrotoxin (50 μM) and almost completely blocked by strychnine (2 μM), suggesting that taurine-mediated responses are via glycine receptor (GlyR) activation. In addition, taurine (1 mM) activated extrasynaptic GABAA receptor (GABAAR)-mediated currents. Taken together, our results indicate that taurine can be a target molecule for orofacial pain modulation through the activation of GlyRs and/or extrasynaptic GABAARs on the SG neurons.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/740581 |
| spellingShingle | Thi Thanh Hoang Nguyen Janardhan Prasad Bhattarai Soo Joung Park Seong Kyu Han Activation of Glycine and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by Taurine on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis Neural Plasticity |
| title | Activation of Glycine and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by Taurine on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis |
| title_full | Activation of Glycine and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by Taurine on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis |
| title_fullStr | Activation of Glycine and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by Taurine on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activation of Glycine and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by Taurine on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis |
| title_short | Activation of Glycine and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by Taurine on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis |
| title_sort | activation of glycine and extrasynaptic gabaa receptors by taurine on the substantia gelatinosa neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/740581 |
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