The Role of Polarizability in Isoelectronic Ions: The Case of Pseudohalides
Specific ion effects are widespread and have been studied for over a century, yet they remain poorly understood. Terms like “kosmotropes” and “chaotropes” are convenient rules of thumb but the frequent reversal of the Hofmeister series implies their limitations. Polarizability is often used to class...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Mert Acar Duccio Tatini Barry W. Ninham Pierandrea Lo Nostro |
| author_facet | Mert Acar Duccio Tatini Barry W. Ninham Pierandrea Lo Nostro |
| author_sort | Mert Acar |
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| description | Specific ion effects are widespread and have been studied for over a century, yet they remain poorly understood. Terms like “kosmotropes” and “chaotropes” are convenient rules of thumb but the frequent reversal of the Hofmeister series implies their limitations. Polarizability is often used to classify ions, with kosmotropes considered low in polarizability and chaotropes high. However, for polyatomic ions, this framework becomes misleading. The anisotropic nature of polarizability in polyatomic ions plays a decisive role in shaping their behavior. In this work, we study pseudohalides (KOCN, KSCN, and KSeCN) aqueous solutions to explore these effects. We evaluate properties of these anions through experimental measurements of conductivity, density, viscosity, infrared spectra, and polarizability. Our results demonstrate that, even for linear isoelectronic polyatomic ions, the anisotropy of polarizability governs their hydration behavior. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-d78813f2dcc34bf9926a5a3bd337b2ad2025-01-24T13:43:36ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130232310.3390/molecules30020323The Role of Polarizability in Isoelectronic Ions: The Case of PseudohalidesMert Acar0Duccio Tatini1Barry W. Ninham2Pierandrea Lo Nostro3Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, ItalyDepartment of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyMaterials Physics (Formerly Department of Applied Mathematics), Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, AustraliaDepartment of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, ItalySpecific ion effects are widespread and have been studied for over a century, yet they remain poorly understood. Terms like “kosmotropes” and “chaotropes” are convenient rules of thumb but the frequent reversal of the Hofmeister series implies their limitations. Polarizability is often used to classify ions, with kosmotropes considered low in polarizability and chaotropes high. However, for polyatomic ions, this framework becomes misleading. The anisotropic nature of polarizability in polyatomic ions plays a decisive role in shaping their behavior. In this work, we study pseudohalides (KOCN, KSCN, and KSeCN) aqueous solutions to explore these effects. We evaluate properties of these anions through experimental measurements of conductivity, density, viscosity, infrared spectra, and polarizability. Our results demonstrate that, even for linear isoelectronic polyatomic ions, the anisotropy of polarizability governs their hydration behavior.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/323Hofmeister seriespseudohalidespolyatomic ionspolarizabilityhydrationion shape |
| spellingShingle | Mert Acar Duccio Tatini Barry W. Ninham Pierandrea Lo Nostro The Role of Polarizability in Isoelectronic Ions: The Case of Pseudohalides Molecules Hofmeister series pseudohalides polyatomic ions polarizability hydration ion shape |
| title | The Role of Polarizability in Isoelectronic Ions: The Case of Pseudohalides |
| title_full | The Role of Polarizability in Isoelectronic Ions: The Case of Pseudohalides |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Polarizability in Isoelectronic Ions: The Case of Pseudohalides |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Polarizability in Isoelectronic Ions: The Case of Pseudohalides |
| title_short | The Role of Polarizability in Isoelectronic Ions: The Case of Pseudohalides |
| title_sort | role of polarizability in isoelectronic ions the case of pseudohalides |
| topic | Hofmeister series pseudohalides polyatomic ions polarizability hydration ion shape |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/323 |
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