Immunoglobulin M response in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) following ranavirus infection
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgM+ B cells are key components of the humoral immune system, providing defense against pathogen invasion. While the role of IgM in the systemic and mucosal immune responses of fish to parasites and bacteria has been partially investigated, its function in viral infections...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1515684/full |
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| author | Zhenyu Huang Naicheng Liu Mingyang Xue Chen Xu Yuding Fan Yan Meng Nan Jiang Yiqun Li Wenzhi Liu Yang He Yong Zhou |
| author_facet | Zhenyu Huang Naicheng Liu Mingyang Xue Chen Xu Yuding Fan Yan Meng Nan Jiang Yiqun Li Wenzhi Liu Yang He Yong Zhou |
| author_sort | Zhenyu Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgM+ B cells are key components of the humoral immune system, providing defense against pathogen invasion. While the role of IgM in the systemic and mucosal immune responses of fish to parasites and bacteria has been partially investigated, its function in viral infections remains underexplored. This study successfully developed a largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) model for ranavirus immersion infection. Our findings revealed that viral infection caused significant pathological changes in the gill and head kidney tissues, along with a marked upregulation of adaptive immune gene expression. Interestingly, fish that survived an initial viral infection exhibited minimal mortality and low viral loads in the gill and head kidney tissues when exposed to a higher viral concentration. Notably, in these fish with secondary infections, there was a significant increase in IgM protein levels in both the blood and gill mucus, as well as a pronounced accumulation of IgM+ B cells in the gill and head kidney tissues. Additionally, the serum contained high levels of virus-specific IgM, which demonstrated the ability to neutralize the virus. These findings highlight the crucial role of IgM in the immune response to viral infections in largemouth bass and suggest its potential as a target for enhancing viral resistance in aquaculture. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d73bd0d9428646e68b056bed2a568272 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-d73bd0d9428646e68b056bed2a5682722025-01-29T06:45:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-01-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15156841515684Immunoglobulin M response in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) following ranavirus infectionZhenyu Huang0Naicheng Liu1Mingyang Xue2Chen Xu3Yuding Fan4Yan Meng5Nan Jiang6Yiqun Li7Wenzhi Liu8Yang He9Yong Zhou10Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaImmunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgM+ B cells are key components of the humoral immune system, providing defense against pathogen invasion. While the role of IgM in the systemic and mucosal immune responses of fish to parasites and bacteria has been partially investigated, its function in viral infections remains underexplored. This study successfully developed a largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) model for ranavirus immersion infection. Our findings revealed that viral infection caused significant pathological changes in the gill and head kidney tissues, along with a marked upregulation of adaptive immune gene expression. Interestingly, fish that survived an initial viral infection exhibited minimal mortality and low viral loads in the gill and head kidney tissues when exposed to a higher viral concentration. Notably, in these fish with secondary infections, there was a significant increase in IgM protein levels in both the blood and gill mucus, as well as a pronounced accumulation of IgM+ B cells in the gill and head kidney tissues. Additionally, the serum contained high levels of virus-specific IgM, which demonstrated the ability to neutralize the virus. These findings highlight the crucial role of IgM in the immune response to viral infections in largemouth bass and suggest its potential as a target for enhancing viral resistance in aquaculture.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1515684/fullIgM+ B cellsimmersion infectionpathological changesvirus-specific IgMimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Zhenyu Huang Naicheng Liu Mingyang Xue Chen Xu Yuding Fan Yan Meng Nan Jiang Yiqun Li Wenzhi Liu Yang He Yong Zhou Immunoglobulin M response in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) following ranavirus infection Frontiers in Immunology IgM+ B cells immersion infection pathological changes virus-specific IgM immune response |
| title | Immunoglobulin M response in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) following ranavirus infection |
| title_full | Immunoglobulin M response in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) following ranavirus infection |
| title_fullStr | Immunoglobulin M response in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) following ranavirus infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunoglobulin M response in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) following ranavirus infection |
| title_short | Immunoglobulin M response in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) following ranavirus infection |
| title_sort | immunoglobulin m response in largemouth bass micropterus salmoides following ranavirus infection |
| topic | IgM+ B cells immersion infection pathological changes virus-specific IgM immune response |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1515684/full |
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