Ultrahigh-Performance Radio Frequency System-on-Chip Implementation of a Kalman Filter-Based High-Precision Time and Frequency Synchronization for Networked Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems
The integration of radar sensing and imaging capabilities into future integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) networks enables advanced use cases, including autonomous vehicle navigation, real-time health monitoring, and smart city management. However, ultraprecise time and frequency synchroniza...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10835166/ |
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| author | Roghayeh Ghasemi Patrick Fenske Tobias Koegel Markus Hehn Ingrid Ullmann Martin Vossiek |
| author_facet | Roghayeh Ghasemi Patrick Fenske Tobias Koegel Markus Hehn Ingrid Ullmann Martin Vossiek |
| author_sort | Roghayeh Ghasemi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The integration of radar sensing and imaging capabilities into future integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) networks enables advanced use cases, including autonomous vehicle navigation, real-time health monitoring, and smart city management. However, ultraprecise time and frequency synchronization is crucial for unlocking the full potential of such networked ISAC systems. In this article, a novel real-time wireless time and frequency synchronization scheme is developed and fully implemented on a high-end radio frequency system-on-chip field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. The excellent performance and robustness of the proposed solution in practical applications are demonstrated. It is evidenced that the recursive nature of the Kalman filter is well suited to the dynamic capabilities of FPGA-based simultaneous synchronization. Observed values obtained through the precision time protocol (PTP) are iteratively refined, thus effectively compensating for uncertainties encountered during a synchronization packet exchange. Due to the deterministic processing time inherent in the FPGA, the proposed synchronization method achieves exceptional precision, with clock offset deviations in the nanosecond range and clock rate deviations limited to only a few parts per billion, even across considerable distances between the network nodes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d6d834bcede54d92b5224c8fd8422d18 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2768-7236 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement |
| spelling | doaj-art-d6d834bcede54d92b5224c8fd8422d182025-02-05T00:01:24ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement2768-72362025-01-01411510.1109/OJIM.2025.352753210835166Ultrahigh-Performance Radio Frequency System-on-Chip Implementation of a Kalman Filter-Based High-Precision Time and Frequency Synchronization for Networked Integrated Sensing and Communication SystemsRoghayeh Ghasemi0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2151-1922Patrick Fenske1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5526-1836Tobias Koegel2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8662-3732Markus Hehn3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-6412Ingrid Ullmann4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3145-4959Martin Vossiek5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-345XInstitute of Microwaves and Photonics, Friedrich–Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, GermanyInstitute of Microwaves and Photonics, Friedrich–Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, GermanyInstitute of Microwaves and Photonics, Friedrich–Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, GermanyInstitute of Microwaves and Photonics, Friedrich–Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, GermanyInstitute of Microwaves and Photonics, Friedrich–Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, GermanyInstitute of Microwaves and Photonics, Friedrich–Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, GermanyThe integration of radar sensing and imaging capabilities into future integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) networks enables advanced use cases, including autonomous vehicle navigation, real-time health monitoring, and smart city management. However, ultraprecise time and frequency synchronization is crucial for unlocking the full potential of such networked ISAC systems. In this article, a novel real-time wireless time and frequency synchronization scheme is developed and fully implemented on a high-end radio frequency system-on-chip field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. The excellent performance and robustness of the proposed solution in practical applications are demonstrated. It is evidenced that the recursive nature of the Kalman filter is well suited to the dynamic capabilities of FPGA-based simultaneous synchronization. Observed values obtained through the precision time protocol (PTP) are iteratively refined, thus effectively compensating for uncertainties encountered during a synchronization packet exchange. Due to the deterministic processing time inherent in the FPGA, the proposed synchronization method achieves exceptional precision, with clock offset deviations in the nanosecond range and clock rate deviations limited to only a few parts per billion, even across considerable distances between the network nodes.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10835166/Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)Kalman filter for time offset and frequency skew estimationprecision time protocol (PTP)time and frequency synchronizationwireless sensor network (WSN) synchronization |
| spellingShingle | Roghayeh Ghasemi Patrick Fenske Tobias Koegel Markus Hehn Ingrid Ullmann Martin Vossiek Ultrahigh-Performance Radio Frequency System-on-Chip Implementation of a Kalman Filter-Based High-Precision Time and Frequency Synchronization for Networked Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) Kalman filter for time offset and frequency skew estimation precision time protocol (PTP) time and frequency synchronization wireless sensor network (WSN) synchronization |
| title | Ultrahigh-Performance Radio Frequency System-on-Chip Implementation of a Kalman Filter-Based High-Precision Time and Frequency Synchronization for Networked Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems |
| title_full | Ultrahigh-Performance Radio Frequency System-on-Chip Implementation of a Kalman Filter-Based High-Precision Time and Frequency Synchronization for Networked Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems |
| title_fullStr | Ultrahigh-Performance Radio Frequency System-on-Chip Implementation of a Kalman Filter-Based High-Precision Time and Frequency Synchronization for Networked Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrahigh-Performance Radio Frequency System-on-Chip Implementation of a Kalman Filter-Based High-Precision Time and Frequency Synchronization for Networked Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems |
| title_short | Ultrahigh-Performance Radio Frequency System-on-Chip Implementation of a Kalman Filter-Based High-Precision Time and Frequency Synchronization for Networked Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems |
| title_sort | ultrahigh performance radio frequency system on chip implementation of a kalman filter based high precision time and frequency synchronization for networked integrated sensing and communication systems |
| topic | Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) Kalman filter for time offset and frequency skew estimation precision time protocol (PTP) time and frequency synchronization wireless sensor network (WSN) synchronization |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10835166/ |
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