Microwave-intensified esterification of high-free fatty acid feedstock into biodiesel using waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst
The efficacy of waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst is investigated for biodiesel production from high-free fatty acid feedstock under microwave irradiation. The calcined waste chicken eggshells were identified using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fl...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016425000143 |
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| author | Juliati Br Tarigan Anzelina F. Barus Nabilah T. Simamora Ribka S. Tarigan Sabarmin Perangin-angin Junedi Ginting Eko K. Sitepu Y.H. Taufiq-Yap |
| author_facet | Juliati Br Tarigan Anzelina F. Barus Nabilah T. Simamora Ribka S. Tarigan Sabarmin Perangin-angin Junedi Ginting Eko K. Sitepu Y.H. Taufiq-Yap |
| author_sort | Juliati Br Tarigan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The efficacy of waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst is investigated for biodiesel production from high-free fatty acid feedstock under microwave irradiation. The calcined waste chicken eggshells were identified using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The effect of esterification conditions such as catalyst weight, molar ratio of oleic acid to methanol, reaction time and microwave power were determined on biodiesel conversion and yield. The highest conversion and yield of 92.04 ± 0.8 % and 78.75 ± 1.8 %, respectively, were achieved under the reaction condition of molar ratio of 1:15, catalyst weight of 6 wt%, reaction time of 20 minutes and microwave power of 60 %. The catalytic stability of calcined waste chicken eggshells revealed that the weight of CaO was decreased after the first cycle. However, the biodiesel conversion was above 80 % after five times usage. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d6c81a69bfd040999d8b1c54c5fec565 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-0164 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-d6c81a69bfd040999d8b1c54c5fec5652025-01-20T04:17:50ZengElsevierCase Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering2666-01642025-06-0111101107Microwave-intensified esterification of high-free fatty acid feedstock into biodiesel using waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalystJuliati Br Tarigan0Anzelina F. Barus1Nabilah T. Simamora2Ribka S. Tarigan3Sabarmin Perangin-angin4Junedi Ginting5Eko K. Sitepu6Y.H. Taufiq-Yap7Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Kampus USU Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Kampus USU Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Kampus USU Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Almamater Kampus USU, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Kampus USU Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Kampus USU Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Kampus USU Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaThe efficacy of waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst is investigated for biodiesel production from high-free fatty acid feedstock under microwave irradiation. The calcined waste chicken eggshells were identified using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The effect of esterification conditions such as catalyst weight, molar ratio of oleic acid to methanol, reaction time and microwave power were determined on biodiesel conversion and yield. The highest conversion and yield of 92.04 ± 0.8 % and 78.75 ± 1.8 %, respectively, were achieved under the reaction condition of molar ratio of 1:15, catalyst weight of 6 wt%, reaction time of 20 minutes and microwave power of 60 %. The catalytic stability of calcined waste chicken eggshells revealed that the weight of CaO was decreased after the first cycle. However, the biodiesel conversion was above 80 % after five times usage.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016425000143EsterificationOleic acidMicrowave irradiationBiodiesel |
| spellingShingle | Juliati Br Tarigan Anzelina F. Barus Nabilah T. Simamora Ribka S. Tarigan Sabarmin Perangin-angin Junedi Ginting Eko K. Sitepu Y.H. Taufiq-Yap Microwave-intensified esterification of high-free fatty acid feedstock into biodiesel using waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Esterification Oleic acid Microwave irradiation Biodiesel |
| title | Microwave-intensified esterification of high-free fatty acid feedstock into biodiesel using waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst |
| title_full | Microwave-intensified esterification of high-free fatty acid feedstock into biodiesel using waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst |
| title_fullStr | Microwave-intensified esterification of high-free fatty acid feedstock into biodiesel using waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microwave-intensified esterification of high-free fatty acid feedstock into biodiesel using waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst |
| title_short | Microwave-intensified esterification of high-free fatty acid feedstock into biodiesel using waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst |
| title_sort | microwave intensified esterification of high free fatty acid feedstock into biodiesel using waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst |
| topic | Esterification Oleic acid Microwave irradiation Biodiesel |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016425000143 |
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