Research on the effect of eco-friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial decomposition of marine diesel oil (MDO)
Abstract This paper presents the effect of environmentally friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial degradation of Marine Diesel Oil (MDO). Microbiological contamination is a serious problem in MDO and other petroleum products. For this reason, it was decided to investigate the effect...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86969-x |
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| author | Rafał Krakowski Kazimierz Witkowski |
| author_facet | Rafał Krakowski Kazimierz Witkowski |
| author_sort | Rafał Krakowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This paper presents the effect of environmentally friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial degradation of Marine Diesel Oil (MDO). Microbiological contamination is a serious problem in MDO and other petroleum products. For this reason, it was decided to investigate the effects of environmentally friendly additives such as silver solution and colloidal nanosilver, as well as effective liquid microorganisms and ceramic tubes with different percentages of them in diesel oil (MDO) on its selected parameters and inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth. The tests were conducted on a mixture of fuel with four types of environmentally friendly additives at concentrations of 2% and 5%, and on fuel without any additives. The effect of the additives on selected diesel parameters, including flash point, water content and acid number, as well as density and kinematic viscosity, is presented. The diesel oil was also subjected to microbiological tests. It was found that the most beneficial additive that positively influenced diesel parameters and microbial degradation was a silver solution at a concentration of 2%. The lowest ignition temperature was obtained when ionic silver was used, i.e. 60 °C, which is closest to the value for pure diesel fuel. The addition of effective microorganisms in liquid form to the fuel in an amount of 2%, increases the ignition temperature to 62.2 °C and this is the highest value obtained in comparison with other additives. The lowest water content in the test samples was obtained for the effective microorganisms in ceramic form at − 0.0068%, while the highest value was obtained for the silver solution at 0.0123%. At 100 °C, the highest kinematic viscosity was obtained for EM in ceramic, at 1.11 mm2/s. While for pure oil it was 1.03 mm2/s. For pure diesel, a value of 1.1 × 106 cfu/1 dm3 for bacteria and 7.3 × 103 cfu/1 dm3 was obtained. For each type of mixture, a value of less than 1 × 102 cfu/1 dm3 for bacteria was obtained, while in terms of fungal counts in the mixtures, a decrease of 73 times is also observed for diesel mixed with effective microorganisms in liquid form and ceramics, 48 times less was recorded after the use of non-ionic silver. The use of these additives is an innovative solution that has a positive effect on slowing down microbial degradation, without any loss of diesel performance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d6c42e7d85e14f8c9cade53674429029 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-d6c42e7d85e14f8c9cade536744290292025-01-26T12:24:41ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-86969-xResearch on the effect of eco-friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial decomposition of marine diesel oil (MDO)Rafał Krakowski0Kazimierz Witkowski1Faculty of Marine Engineering, Gdynia Maritime UniversityFaculty of Marine Engineering, Gdynia Maritime UniversityAbstract This paper presents the effect of environmentally friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial degradation of Marine Diesel Oil (MDO). Microbiological contamination is a serious problem in MDO and other petroleum products. For this reason, it was decided to investigate the effects of environmentally friendly additives such as silver solution and colloidal nanosilver, as well as effective liquid microorganisms and ceramic tubes with different percentages of them in diesel oil (MDO) on its selected parameters and inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth. The tests were conducted on a mixture of fuel with four types of environmentally friendly additives at concentrations of 2% and 5%, and on fuel without any additives. The effect of the additives on selected diesel parameters, including flash point, water content and acid number, as well as density and kinematic viscosity, is presented. The diesel oil was also subjected to microbiological tests. It was found that the most beneficial additive that positively influenced diesel parameters and microbial degradation was a silver solution at a concentration of 2%. The lowest ignition temperature was obtained when ionic silver was used, i.e. 60 °C, which is closest to the value for pure diesel fuel. The addition of effective microorganisms in liquid form to the fuel in an amount of 2%, increases the ignition temperature to 62.2 °C and this is the highest value obtained in comparison with other additives. The lowest water content in the test samples was obtained for the effective microorganisms in ceramic form at − 0.0068%, while the highest value was obtained for the silver solution at 0.0123%. At 100 °C, the highest kinematic viscosity was obtained for EM in ceramic, at 1.11 mm2/s. While for pure oil it was 1.03 mm2/s. For pure diesel, a value of 1.1 × 106 cfu/1 dm3 for bacteria and 7.3 × 103 cfu/1 dm3 was obtained. For each type of mixture, a value of less than 1 × 102 cfu/1 dm3 for bacteria was obtained, while in terms of fungal counts in the mixtures, a decrease of 73 times is also observed for diesel mixed with effective microorganisms in liquid form and ceramics, 48 times less was recorded after the use of non-ionic silver. The use of these additives is an innovative solution that has a positive effect on slowing down microbial degradation, without any loss of diesel performance.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86969-xDiesel oilOperating parametersOil propertiesEffective microorganismsSilver compounds |
| spellingShingle | Rafał Krakowski Kazimierz Witkowski Research on the effect of eco-friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial decomposition of marine diesel oil (MDO) Scientific Reports Diesel oil Operating parameters Oil properties Effective microorganisms Silver compounds |
| title | Research on the effect of eco-friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial decomposition of marine diesel oil (MDO) |
| title_full | Research on the effect of eco-friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial decomposition of marine diesel oil (MDO) |
| title_fullStr | Research on the effect of eco-friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial decomposition of marine diesel oil (MDO) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research on the effect of eco-friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial decomposition of marine diesel oil (MDO) |
| title_short | Research on the effect of eco-friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial decomposition of marine diesel oil (MDO) |
| title_sort | research on the effect of eco friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial decomposition of marine diesel oil mdo |
| topic | Diesel oil Operating parameters Oil properties Effective microorganisms Silver compounds |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86969-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rafałkrakowski researchontheeffectofecofriendlyadditivesonselectedparametersandmicrobialdecompositionofmarinedieseloilmdo AT kazimierzwitkowski researchontheeffectofecofriendlyadditivesonselectedparametersandmicrobialdecompositionofmarinedieseloilmdo |