Does Sex Matter in Obesity-Induced Periodontal Inflammation in the SS<sup>LepR</sup> Mutant Rats?
<b>Introduction:</b> The incidence of obesity has dramatically increased worldwide. Obesity has been shown to exacerbate the progression of periodontal disease. Studies suggest a sex difference in periodontitis, whereby males are more sensitive to periodontal inflammation compared to fem...
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2024-12-01
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| Series: | Dentistry Journal |
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| author | Abdulmohsin Alhashim Kim Capehart Jocelyn Tang Karim M. Saad Rafik Abdelsayed Marion A. Cooley Jan M. Williams Ahmed A. Elmarakby |
| author_facet | Abdulmohsin Alhashim Kim Capehart Jocelyn Tang Karim M. Saad Rafik Abdelsayed Marion A. Cooley Jan M. Williams Ahmed A. Elmarakby |
| author_sort | Abdulmohsin Alhashim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Introduction:</b> The incidence of obesity has dramatically increased worldwide. Obesity has been shown to exacerbate the progression of periodontal disease. Studies suggest a sex difference in periodontitis, whereby males are more sensitive to periodontal inflammation compared to females. <b>Aim:</b> In the current study, it was hypothesized that obesity drives periodontal inflammation and bone loss in both sexes. <b>Methodology:</b> Utilizing leptin receptor mutant (SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant) rats as a genetic model of obesity, 11–12-week-old male and female lean Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats and obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats were used to investigate sex differences in obesity-induced periodontal inflammation. <b>Results:</b> Body weight, insulin, hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels were significantly elevated in the obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant strain vs. the lean SS strain within the same sex. Sex differences in body weight and plasma hemoglobin A1c were only observed in obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats, with males having significantly greater body weight and hemoglobin A1c vs. females. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), markers of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, respectively, were significantly elevated in obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats vs. lean SS rats, with no sex differences in these parameters in either rat strains. Although micro-CT analyses of the maxillary first molar alveolar bone from obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats revealed no evidence of bone loss and/or sex differences, immuno-histochemical analysis revealed significant elevations in periodontal IL-6 and decreases in IL-10 in obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats vs. lean SS rats, with no apparent sex differences in these parameters. <b>Conclusions:</b> Obesity increases systemic and periodontal inflammation, without evidence of bone loss or apparent sex differences in SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d6a386010e004b52b980c554b9838d1f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-6767 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Dentistry Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-d6a386010e004b52b980c554b9838d1f2025-01-24T13:28:36ZengMDPI AGDentistry Journal2304-67672024-12-011311410.3390/dj13010014Does Sex Matter in Obesity-Induced Periodontal Inflammation in the SS<sup>LepR</sup> Mutant Rats?Abdulmohsin Alhashim0Kim Capehart1Jocelyn Tang2Karim M. Saad3Rafik Abdelsayed4Marion A. Cooley5Jan M. Williams6Ahmed A. Elmarakby7Departments of General Dentistry and Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartments of General Dentistry and Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USAOral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USAOral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USAOral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USAOral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USAOral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA<b>Introduction:</b> The incidence of obesity has dramatically increased worldwide. Obesity has been shown to exacerbate the progression of periodontal disease. Studies suggest a sex difference in periodontitis, whereby males are more sensitive to periodontal inflammation compared to females. <b>Aim:</b> In the current study, it was hypothesized that obesity drives periodontal inflammation and bone loss in both sexes. <b>Methodology:</b> Utilizing leptin receptor mutant (SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant) rats as a genetic model of obesity, 11–12-week-old male and female lean Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats and obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats were used to investigate sex differences in obesity-induced periodontal inflammation. <b>Results:</b> Body weight, insulin, hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels were significantly elevated in the obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant strain vs. the lean SS strain within the same sex. Sex differences in body weight and plasma hemoglobin A1c were only observed in obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats, with males having significantly greater body weight and hemoglobin A1c vs. females. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), markers of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, respectively, were significantly elevated in obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats vs. lean SS rats, with no sex differences in these parameters in either rat strains. Although micro-CT analyses of the maxillary first molar alveolar bone from obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats revealed no evidence of bone loss and/or sex differences, immuno-histochemical analysis revealed significant elevations in periodontal IL-6 and decreases in IL-10 in obese SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats vs. lean SS rats, with no apparent sex differences in these parameters. <b>Conclusions:</b> Obesity increases systemic and periodontal inflammation, without evidence of bone loss or apparent sex differences in SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/1/14obesityperiodontal inflammationsexinsulin resistanceSS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats |
| spellingShingle | Abdulmohsin Alhashim Kim Capehart Jocelyn Tang Karim M. Saad Rafik Abdelsayed Marion A. Cooley Jan M. Williams Ahmed A. Elmarakby Does Sex Matter in Obesity-Induced Periodontal Inflammation in the SS<sup>LepR</sup> Mutant Rats? Dentistry Journal obesity periodontal inflammation sex insulin resistance SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats |
| title | Does Sex Matter in Obesity-Induced Periodontal Inflammation in the SS<sup>LepR</sup> Mutant Rats? |
| title_full | Does Sex Matter in Obesity-Induced Periodontal Inflammation in the SS<sup>LepR</sup> Mutant Rats? |
| title_fullStr | Does Sex Matter in Obesity-Induced Periodontal Inflammation in the SS<sup>LepR</sup> Mutant Rats? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Does Sex Matter in Obesity-Induced Periodontal Inflammation in the SS<sup>LepR</sup> Mutant Rats? |
| title_short | Does Sex Matter in Obesity-Induced Periodontal Inflammation in the SS<sup>LepR</sup> Mutant Rats? |
| title_sort | does sex matter in obesity induced periodontal inflammation in the ss sup lepr sup mutant rats |
| topic | obesity periodontal inflammation sex insulin resistance SS<sup>LepR</sup> mutant rats |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/1/14 |
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