Impact of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on coccidia-infected chickens: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations

Abstract Background Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) stands out as a promising nutritional resource due to its rich bioactive substances and favorable protein profile. Nonetheless, its potential to mitigate coccidia infection in broilers remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the impac...

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Main Authors: Jing Yuan, Kolapo M. Ajuwon, Olayiwola Adeola
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01167-z
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author Jing Yuan
Kolapo M. Ajuwon
Olayiwola Adeola
author_facet Jing Yuan
Kolapo M. Ajuwon
Olayiwola Adeola
author_sort Jing Yuan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) stands out as a promising nutritional resource due to its rich bioactive substances and favorable protein profile. Nonetheless, its potential to mitigate coccidia infection in broilers remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of partially defatted BSFLM (pBSFLM) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal health, focusing on morphology, immunology, and cecal fermentation in coccidia-infected broilers. Methods Over the initial 13 d, 480 newly-hatched Cobb 500 male birds were allocated to three diets with increasing pBSFLM concentrations (0, 60, or 120 g/kg). At d 13 post hatching, chicks within each dietary group were further allotted to non-challenge or challenge subsets, generating six treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Challenged birds were orally administered oocysts of E. maxima, E. acervulina, and E. tenella (25,000:125,000:25,000). Results During the infection phase (d 13 to 19), linear interactions between Eimeria and pBSFLM were observed in gain to feed ratio (G:F) (P < 0.05) and cecal interferon-γ (IFN-γ, P < 0.05), with a tendency in cecal acetate concentration (P = 0.06). A quadratic interaction was observed in crypt depth (CD, P < 0.05). Incremental pBSFLM inclusion negatively affected G:F, CD, IFN-γ, and acetate productions in the ceca under coccidia challenge. Conversely in non-challenged birds, the impact of pBSFLM varied from neutral (e.g. G:F) to potentially advantageous (e.g. acetate). Challenged birds exhibited decreased (P < 0.01) BW, BW gain, feed intake (FI), and the apparent ileal digestibility and total tract nutrient utilization of DM, gross energy, and nitrogen (N). Eimeria challenge reduced (P < 0.01) serum carotenoid concentrations, decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD, P < 0.01), and increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids, specifically isobutyrate (P = 0.059) and isovalerate (P < 0.05) in the cecum. Dietary pBSFLM addition linearly reduced (P < 0.05) BW, FI, and N utilization. Tendencies (P < 0.06) were observed where pBSFLM linearly decreased VH:CD and reduced goblet cell density. Conclusions Increasing pBSFLM supplementation, particularly at 12%, adversely affected growth, ileal morphology, cecal acetate production, and downregulated key cytokine expression in response to coccidia infection.
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spelling doaj-art-d681d0e98bee4e8faae4f309f70d8ea92025-08-20T02:16:55ZengBMCJournal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2049-18912025-02-0116111210.1186/s40104-025-01167-zImpact of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on coccidia-infected chickens: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrationsJing Yuan0Kolapo M. Ajuwon1Olayiwola Adeola2Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue UniversityDepartment of Animal Sciences, Purdue UniversityDepartment of Animal Sciences, Purdue UniversityAbstract Background Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) stands out as a promising nutritional resource due to its rich bioactive substances and favorable protein profile. Nonetheless, its potential to mitigate coccidia infection in broilers remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of partially defatted BSFLM (pBSFLM) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal health, focusing on morphology, immunology, and cecal fermentation in coccidia-infected broilers. Methods Over the initial 13 d, 480 newly-hatched Cobb 500 male birds were allocated to three diets with increasing pBSFLM concentrations (0, 60, or 120 g/kg). At d 13 post hatching, chicks within each dietary group were further allotted to non-challenge or challenge subsets, generating six treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Challenged birds were orally administered oocysts of E. maxima, E. acervulina, and E. tenella (25,000:125,000:25,000). Results During the infection phase (d 13 to 19), linear interactions between Eimeria and pBSFLM were observed in gain to feed ratio (G:F) (P < 0.05) and cecal interferon-γ (IFN-γ, P < 0.05), with a tendency in cecal acetate concentration (P = 0.06). A quadratic interaction was observed in crypt depth (CD, P < 0.05). Incremental pBSFLM inclusion negatively affected G:F, CD, IFN-γ, and acetate productions in the ceca under coccidia challenge. Conversely in non-challenged birds, the impact of pBSFLM varied from neutral (e.g. G:F) to potentially advantageous (e.g. acetate). Challenged birds exhibited decreased (P < 0.01) BW, BW gain, feed intake (FI), and the apparent ileal digestibility and total tract nutrient utilization of DM, gross energy, and nitrogen (N). Eimeria challenge reduced (P < 0.01) serum carotenoid concentrations, decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD, P < 0.01), and increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids, specifically isobutyrate (P = 0.059) and isovalerate (P < 0.05) in the cecum. Dietary pBSFLM addition linearly reduced (P < 0.05) BW, FI, and N utilization. Tendencies (P < 0.06) were observed where pBSFLM linearly decreased VH:CD and reduced goblet cell density. Conclusions Increasing pBSFLM supplementation, particularly at 12%, adversely affected growth, ileal morphology, cecal acetate production, and downregulated key cytokine expression in response to coccidia infection.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01167-zBlack soldier fly larvae mealBroiler chickenCoccidiaIntestinal health
spellingShingle Jing Yuan
Kolapo M. Ajuwon
Olayiwola Adeola
Impact of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on coccidia-infected chickens: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
Black soldier fly larvae meal
Broiler chicken
Coccidia
Intestinal health
title Impact of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on coccidia-infected chickens: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations
title_full Impact of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on coccidia-infected chickens: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations
title_fullStr Impact of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on coccidia-infected chickens: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations
title_full_unstemmed Impact of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on coccidia-infected chickens: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations
title_short Impact of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on coccidia-infected chickens: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations
title_sort impact of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on coccidia infected chickens effects on growth performance intestinal health and cecal short chain fatty acid concentrations
topic Black soldier fly larvae meal
Broiler chicken
Coccidia
Intestinal health
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01167-z
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