Environmental impact assessment of floor system spans: A life cycle approach for sustainable structures

This study presents a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) of flat slab structural systems for a general hospital building in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, to identify environmentally optimal design strategies. Four flat slab design scenarios with varying spans and material configurations are invest...

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Main Authors: Mohammad S.M. Almulhim, Mazen Jobran Logaby, Umaru Mohammed Bongwirnso
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025029135
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author Mohammad S.M. Almulhim
Mazen Jobran Logaby
Umaru Mohammed Bongwirnso
author_facet Mohammad S.M. Almulhim
Mazen Jobran Logaby
Umaru Mohammed Bongwirnso
author_sort Mohammad S.M. Almulhim
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) of flat slab structural systems for a general hospital building in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, to identify environmentally optimal design strategies. Four flat slab design scenarios with varying spans and material configurations are investigated in light of Saudi Vision 2030 and the growing demand for sustainable construction practices. Using Autodesk® Revit for geometric modeling and structural analyses based on the Saudi Building Code, this study quantifies the amount of concrete and steel required for each scenario. The impacts of embodied carbon (EC) and embodied energy (EE) were assessed using a cradle-to-grave LCA framework, incorporating locally adapted coefficients for environmental impact. The results demonstrate that the product stage (A1–A3) contributes the most to total environmental impact—78 % of EC and 67 % of EE—highlighting the critical role of early-stage design decisions. Among the scenarios analyzed, Scenario 4, which employs shorter slab spans and optimized material use, achieved a 33 % reduction in both EC and EE compared to the base case. This study introduces a novel approach to structural system evaluation in hot and arid climates and contributes valuable insights into sustainable building design in rapidly urbanizing regions. The findings support structural efficiency as a key strategy for reducing the environmental footprint of concrete-based hospital buildings and offer a practical decision-making framework applicable across similar contexts.
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spelling doaj-art-d64cfeb6e5a34d08b8e0f141ffb8d34b2025-08-24T05:14:23ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710685110.1016/j.rineng.2025.106851Environmental impact assessment of floor system spans: A life cycle approach for sustainable structuresMohammad S.M. Almulhim0Mazen Jobran Logaby1Umaru Mohammed Bongwirnso2Department of Building Engineering, College of Architecture and Planning, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Department of Building Engineering, College of Architecture and Planning, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaThis study presents a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) of flat slab structural systems for a general hospital building in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, to identify environmentally optimal design strategies. Four flat slab design scenarios with varying spans and material configurations are investigated in light of Saudi Vision 2030 and the growing demand for sustainable construction practices. Using Autodesk® Revit for geometric modeling and structural analyses based on the Saudi Building Code, this study quantifies the amount of concrete and steel required for each scenario. The impacts of embodied carbon (EC) and embodied energy (EE) were assessed using a cradle-to-grave LCA framework, incorporating locally adapted coefficients for environmental impact. The results demonstrate that the product stage (A1–A3) contributes the most to total environmental impact—78 % of EC and 67 % of EE—highlighting the critical role of early-stage design decisions. Among the scenarios analyzed, Scenario 4, which employs shorter slab spans and optimized material use, achieved a 33 % reduction in both EC and EE compared to the base case. This study introduces a novel approach to structural system evaluation in hot and arid climates and contributes valuable insights into sustainable building design in rapidly urbanizing regions. The findings support structural efficiency as a key strategy for reducing the environmental footprint of concrete-based hospital buildings and offer a practical decision-making framework applicable across similar contexts.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025029135Sustainable buildingsLife cycle assessmentEnvironmental impact assessmentEmbodied carbonEmbodied energy
spellingShingle Mohammad S.M. Almulhim
Mazen Jobran Logaby
Umaru Mohammed Bongwirnso
Environmental impact assessment of floor system spans: A life cycle approach for sustainable structures
Results in Engineering
Sustainable buildings
Life cycle assessment
Environmental impact assessment
Embodied carbon
Embodied energy
title Environmental impact assessment of floor system spans: A life cycle approach for sustainable structures
title_full Environmental impact assessment of floor system spans: A life cycle approach for sustainable structures
title_fullStr Environmental impact assessment of floor system spans: A life cycle approach for sustainable structures
title_full_unstemmed Environmental impact assessment of floor system spans: A life cycle approach for sustainable structures
title_short Environmental impact assessment of floor system spans: A life cycle approach for sustainable structures
title_sort environmental impact assessment of floor system spans a life cycle approach for sustainable structures
topic Sustainable buildings
Life cycle assessment
Environmental impact assessment
Embodied carbon
Embodied energy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025029135
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AT mazenjobranlogaby environmentalimpactassessmentoffloorsystemspansalifecycleapproachforsustainablestructures
AT umarumohammedbongwirnso environmentalimpactassessmentoffloorsystemspansalifecycleapproachforsustainablestructures